Matching actions to needs: shifting policy responses to the changing health needs of Chinese children and adolescents.

China is home to the second largest population of children and adolescents in the world. Yet demographic shifts mean that the government must manage the challenge of fewer children with the needs of an ageing population, while considering the delicate tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability. We mapped the health problems and risks of contemporary school-aged children and adolescents in China against current national health policies.

Two new bibenzyl methylglucosides as SIRT3 activators obtained through microbial transformation.

Microbial transformation of dihydroresveratrol (DHRSV) using has produced two new methylglucosylated derivatives of DHRSV ( and , whose structures were characterized as 4'--(4″--methyl--D-glucopyranosyl)-dihydroresveratrol (4'--MG DHRSV, ) and 3--(4″--methyl--D-glucopyranosyl)-dihydroresveratrol (3--MG DHRSV, ) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. They showed moderate SIRT3 agonistic activity, and compound exhibited the best deacetylation of 406.63% at 10 μM.

Simulated Gastric Acid Promotes the Horizontal Transfer of Multidrug Resistance Genes across Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract at Elevated pH Levels.

The assessment of factors that can promote the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is in great demand to understand the occurrence of infections related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in humans. However, whether acid-resistant enteric bacteria can promote ARG transmission in gastric fluid under high-pH conditions remains unknown. This study assessed the effects of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at different pH levels on the RP4 plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs.

Microbial biotransformation to obtain stilbene methylglucoside with GPR119 agonistic activity.

Introduction: Limitation of pharmaceutical application of resveratrol (RSV) and piceatannol (PIC) continue to exist, there is a need to obtain the superior analogs of two stilbenes with promoted activity, stability, and bioavailability. Microbial transformation has been suggested as a common and efficient strategy to solve the above problems.

Methods: In this study, was selected to transform RSV and PIC.

[Performance of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System LR-5 in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Meta-analysis].

Objective To evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) LR-5 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical research reports with the application of CEUS LI-RADS in the diagnosis of HCC were collected from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and Wanfang Data from inception to November 14,2021.Two researchers respectively screened the literature and extracted relevant information.

Visual Detection of using Combined CRISPR/Cas12a and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification.

Objective: To establish an ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast, visible detection method for (VP)

Methods: We established a new method for detecting the and genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection (CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).

Results: CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10 M (single molecule detection) within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria. When detecting pure cultures of VP, the consistency of results reached 100% compared with real-time PCR.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Rhododendron molle provides insights into its evolution and terpenoid biosynthesis.

Background: Rhododendron molle (Ericaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used to treat rheumatism and relieve pain since ancient times. The characteristic grayanoids of this plant have been demonstrated to be the chemical basis for the analgesic activity. Moreover, unlike morphine, these diterpenoids are non-addictive.

Unusual (2,6)-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane ring construction in fungal --bergamotene biosynthesis.

Bergamotenes are bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane sesquiterpenes found abundantly in plants and fungi.

Spatial behavior and source tracking of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in a chlorinated drinking water distribution system.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are receiving increasing concerns due to the antibiotic resistance crisis. Nevertheless, little is known about the spatial behavior and sources of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in the chlorinated drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Here, tap water was continuously collected to reveal the occurrence of both eARGs and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) along a chlorinated DWDS.

Construction of acetyl-CoA and DBAT hybrid metabolic pathway for acetylation of 10-deacetylbaccatin III to baccatin III.

10-Deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB) C10 acetylation is an indispensable procedure for Taxol semi-synthesis, which often requires harsh conditions. 10-Deacetylbaccatin III-10---acetyltransferase (DBAT) catalyzes the acetylation but acetyl-CoA supply remains a key limiting factor. Here we refactored the innate biosynthetic pathway of acetyl-CoA in and obtained a chassis with acetyl-CoA productivity over three times higher than that of the host cell.

[Simultaneous determination of three antidepressant drugs in feces by HLPC-MS].

To establish a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC / MS) method for the simultaneous determination of three antidepressant drugs in feces. Samples were pretreated with n-hexane isopropanol (95:5, v/v). Gradient elution was carried out with mixed liquid of ultrapure water and acetonitrile as mobile phase and separated by Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 liquid chromatography column (2.

Decreased Antibiotic Susceptibility in Surviving UV Irradition.

Given its excellent performance against the pathogens, UV disinfection has been applied broadly in different fields. However, only limited studies have comprehensively investigated the response of bacteria surviving UV irradiation to the environmental antibiotic stress. Here, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility of suffering from the UV irradiation.

Fisetin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Previous studies have reported the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects of fisetin. However, the therapeutic efficacy of fisetin in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that fisetin could markedly alleviate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice.

SNCA-Rep1 polymorphism correlates with susceptibility and iron deficiency in restless legs syndrome.

Background: Brain iron disequilibrium and dopaminergic dysfunction are key pathophysiological features of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Rep1 polymorphism in the promotor region of SNCA is associated with risk of Parkinson's disease, however its association with RLS and iron status is unclear.

Objective: To investigate SNCA-Rep1 polymorphism in RLS and its phenotypes.

High-level soluble expression of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase with high activity in Escherichia coli.

As the most important member of antioxidant defense system, human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (hCu,Zn-SOD) protects cells against the free radicals produced by aerobic metabolism. hCu,Zn-SOD has been widely used in food, cosmetic and medicine industry due to its health benefits and therapeutic potentials. However, a more extensive application of hCu,Zn-SOD is limited by the challenge of expensive and low production of high-activity hCu,Zn-SOD in large scale.

Structures of β-glycosidase LXYL-P1-2 reveals the product binding state of GH3 family and a specific pocket for Taxol recognition.

LXYL-P1-2 is one of the few xylosidases that efficiently catalyze the reaction from 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol (XDT) to 10-deacetyltaxol (DT), and is a potential enzyme used in Taxol industrial production. Here we report the crystal structure of LXYL-P1-2 and its XDT binding complex. These structures reveal an enzyme/product complex with the sugar conformation different from the enzyme/substrate complex reported previously in GH3 enzymes, even in the whole glycohydrolases family.

Combinatorial mutation on the -glycosidase specific to 7--xylosyltaxanes and increasing the mutated enzyme production by engineering the recombinant yeast.

Taxol is a "blockbuster" antitumor drug produced by species with extremely low amount, while its analogue 7--xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol is generally much higher in the plants. Both the fungal enzymes LXYL-P1-1 and LXYL-P1-2 can convert 7--xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol into 10-deacetyltaxol for Taxol semi-synthesis. Of them, LXYL-P1-2 is twice more active than LXYL-P1-1, but there are only 11 significantly different amino acids in terms of the polarity and acidic-basic properties between them.

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a β-Glycoside Hydrolase from .

The β-glycoside hydrolases (LXYL-P1-1 and LXYL-P1-2) from (strain M95.33) can specifically hydrolyze 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol (XDT) to form 10-deacetyltaxol for the semi-synthesis of Taxol. Our previous study showed that both the I368T mutation in LXYL-P1-1 and the T368E mutation in LXYL-P1-2 could increase the enzyme activity, which prompted us to investigate the effect of the I368E mutation on LXYL-P1-1 activity.

Author Correction: Improving 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase catalytic fitness for Taxol production.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15544.

Tetrocarcin Q, a New Spirotetronate with a Unique Glycosyl Group from a Marine-Derived Actinomycete Micromonospora carbonacea LS276.

A new spirotetronate glycoside tetrocarcin Q () and six known analogues tetrocarcin A (), AC6H (), tetrocarcin N (), tetrocarcin H (), arisostatin A (), and tetrocarcin F1 () were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived actinomycete LS276. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. The absolute configurations of their stereogenic carbons were determined by circular dichroism (CD) analysis.

Improving the Catalytic Property of the Glycoside Hydrolase LXYL-P1-2 by Directed Evolution.

The glycoside hydrolase LXYL-P1-2 from can specifically hydrolyze 7-β-xylosyltaxanes to form 7-β-hydroxyltaxanes for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel. In order to improve the catalytic properties of the enzyme, we performed error-prone PCR to construct the random mutant library of LXYL-P1-2 and used the methanol-induced plate method to screen the mutants with improved catalytic properties. Two variants, LXYL-P1-2-EP1 (EP1, S91D mutation) and LXYL-P1-2-EP2 (EP2, T368E mutation), were obtained from the library and exhibited 17% and 47% increases in their catalytic efficiencies on 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol.

Improving 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-β-O-acetyltransferase catalytic fitness for Taxol production.

The natural concentration of the anticancer drug Taxol is about 0.02% in yew trees, whereas that of its analogue 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol is up to 0.5%.