FADS1 inhibition protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from ferroptosis in age related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly individuals. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ferroptosis is a significant pathogenetic component in AMD. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) in ferroptosis as well as AMD progression.

YAP O-GlcNAcylation contributes to corneal epithelial cell ferroptosis under cigarette smoke exposure.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is an important indoor air pollutant associated with an increased risk of ocular surface disease. As the eye's outermost layer, the cornea is highly sensitive to air pollutants like CS. However, the specific mechanisms linking CS exposure to corneal dysfunction have not been fully elucidated.

Iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway.

Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging and has been linked to age-related diseases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common aging-related retinal disease, is prospectively associated with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) senescence. However, the mechanism of RPE cell senescence remains unknown.

TGR5 supresses cGAS/STING pathway by inhibiting GRP75-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial coupling in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious and relatively under-recognized complication of diabetes. Müller glial cells extend throughout the retina and play vital roles in maintaining retinal homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that TGR5, a member of the bile acid-activated GPCR family, could ameliorate DR.

Smurf1: A possible therapeutic target in dry age-related macular degeneration.

Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1) is one of C2-WW-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, it can regulate BMP pathway by mediating ubiquitylation degradation of Smad1/Smad5. Many functions about Smurf1 also are still unknown, especially in retina. This research is about to explore the role of Smurf1 in retina degeneration.

GRP75 Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Coupling and Accelerates Ca-Dependent Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial dysfunction play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the interrelationship between the ER and mitochondria are poorly understood in DR. Here, we established high glucose (HG) or advanced glycosylation end products (AGE)-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cell (RMEC) models in vitro, as well as a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR rat model in vivo.

Inhibition of Drp1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially blinding complication resulting from diabetes mellitus (DM). Retinal vascular endothelial cells (RMECs) dysfunction occupies an important position in the pathogenesis of DR, and mitochondrial disorders play a vital role in RMECs dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying DR-induced mitochondrial disorders in RMECs remain elusive.

TGR5 Activation Ameliorates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Regulating the PKCδ/Drp1-HK2 Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular diseases of diabetes. Our previous research demonstrated that bile acid G-protein-coupled membrane receptor (TGR5), a novel cell membrane receptor of bile acid, ameliorates the vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in DR. However, the precise mechanism leading to this alteration remains unknown.

Interferon-γ induces retinal pigment epithelial cell Ferroptosis by a JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). An increase of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels was observed in patients with AMD, but whether inflammatory factors are causally related to AMD progression is unclear. Here, we demonstrate a direct causal relationship between IFN-γ and RPE cell death.

TGR5 receptor activation attenuates diabetic retinopathy through suppression of RhoA/ROCK signaling.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Abnormal energy metabolism in microvascular endothelium is involved in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Bile Acid G-Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor (TGR5) has emerged as a novel regulator of metabolic disorders.

Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the complement component 3 gene are associated with risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.

Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement component 3 (CC3) are associated with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), however, this association is not consistent among studies. To thoroughly address this issue, we performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the association between nine SNPs in the CC3 gene and AMD risk. A search was conducted of the PubMed database through 3rd Aug, 2014.

Association between a 27-bp variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the eNOS gene and risk for diabetic retinopathy Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Imbalance in the production of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which plays an essential role in retinal vascular function, can lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). To thoroughly address this issue, we performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the eNOS 27VNTR (4b/4a) polymorphism and DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A search was conducted of PubMed and Chinese language (WanFang) databases through 3 March 2013.

Population persistence of a Tertiary relict tree Tetracentron sinense on the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China.

The persistence of the Tertiary relict tree Tetracentron sinense Oliv. on the eastern slope of the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, SW China, was here studied in terms of population structure (size, age) and regeneration patterns. T.

[A prevalence survey of blindness and visual impairment in adults aged equal or more than 60 years in Beixinjing blocks of Shanghai, China].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence rate of blindness and low vision and the leading cause of blindness in residents aged > or = 60 years in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by Shanghai First People's Hospital, affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Beixinjing Community hospital from November 2007 to April 2008. Randomly cluster sampling method was used, and all the individuals aged > or = 60 years in 8 communities from Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai was enrolled in this study.

Combined Intestinal and Biliary Stenting in Gastric Outlet and Biliary Obstruction.

Background: Combined intestinal and biliary stenting is one of the effective palliative methods for patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction. This study was to evaluate the effect of combined intestinal and biliary stenting in the palliation of gastric outlet and biliary obstruction.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction underwent combined intestinal and biliary stenting.