Association Between SARC-F and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Diseases Admitted to the Emergency Room: A Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Sarcopenia can be more significant and severe in the presence of cardiovascular diseases. In hospitalized older adults with acute cardiac disease, assessing strength parameters, muscle mass, and physical performance is difficult largely because of bed rest restrictions. In this context, simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia (SARC-F) emerges as a feasible screening tool to identify sarcopenia in an emergency room setting.

Do obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders increase the incidence risk of dynapenia in adults aged 50 and older?

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether obstructive or restrictive lung disorders are associated with the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 and over.

Methods: Longitudinal study involving 4,975 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) aged 50 or older, without dynapenia at baseline, followed for eight years. Lung function was assessed by spirometry (predicted percentage) and participants were classified as no pulmonary disorder (FEV ≥ 80 %, FVC ≥ 80 % and FEV/FVC ≥ 70 %); with obstructive pulmonary disorder (FEV < 80 %, FEV/FVC < 70 % and normal FVC or < 80 %); or with restrictive pulmonary disorder (FVC < 80 %, FEV/FVC > 70 % and normal or < 80 % FEV).

Frailty or sarcopenia: which is a better indicator of mortality risk in older adults?

Background: Despite the different conditions, frailty and sarcopenia overlap regarding their common link: the assessment of walking speed and muscle strength. This study aimed to compare the frailty phenotype to the sarcopenia using different cut-off points for low grip strength to determine which better identifies mortality risk over a 14-year follow-up period.

Methods: 4597 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Dynapenia and sarcopenia identify walking speed decline in women but not in men.

Objective: To determine the best indicator of mobility decline between dynapenia, low skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and sarcopenia defined by the EWGSOP2 using different cutoff points for grip strength.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with a follow-up of eight years, involving 2,680 individuals aged 60 and older who participated in the ELSA study with a walking speed greater than 0.8 m/s at baseline.

Could poor glycaemic control be a predictor of walking speed decline in older adults? Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Aim: Although diabetes is a risk factor for walking speed decline in older adults, it remains unclear how glycaemic control [assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)] might affect the long-term trajectories of walking speed. We investigated whether the glycaemic control status accelerates the walking speed decline and whether this decline differs depending on previous mobility conditions.

Materials And Methods: In total, 3202 individuals aged ≥60 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were classified at baseline and after 4 and 8 years of follow-up according to glycaemic control status as 'without diabetes' (no self-reported diabetes and HbA1c <6.

Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity, Single and Recurrent Falls in Older Brazilian Adults: Elsi-Brazil Results.

Cross-sectional study to verify the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and the occurrence of single and recurrent falls among Brazilian adults aged 50 years and over. Baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), comprising 8374 individuals aged 50 years and over, were analyzed. Participants were categorized according to the report of falls, dynapenic abdominal obesity was determined by combining the presence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and dynapenia (handgrip strength).

Does the incidence of frailty differ between men and women over time?

Background/objective: The mechanisms, risk factors and influence of sex on the incidence of frailty components are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyse sex differences in factors associated with the increase in the number of frailty components.

Methods: A 12-year follow-up analysis was conducted with 1,747 participants aged ≥ 60 of the ELSA Study with no frailty at baseline.

Gender differences in the association between adverse events in childhood or adolescence and the risk of premature mortality.

To examine, by gender, the relationship between adverse events in childhood or adolescence and the increased risk of early mortality (before 80 years). The study sample included 941 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging who died between 2007 and 2018. Data on socioeconomic status, infectious diseases, and parental stress in childhood or adolescence were collected at baseline (2006).

Is Abdominal Obesity a Risk Factor for the Incidence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Older Adults? Evidence from the ELSA Study.

Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an association between abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference (WC), and vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in older adults. However, longitudinal evidence is based only on general obesity determined using body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether abdominal obesity is associated with the incidence of 25(OH)D insufficiency (>30 and ≤50 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤30 nmol/L), and whether vitamin D supplementation modifies these associations.

European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2019 (EWGSOP2) criteria or slowness: which is the best predictor of mortality risk in older adults?

Objectives: to analyse the accuracy of grip strength and gait speed in identifying mortality; to compare the association between mortality and sarcopenia defined by the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 using the best cut-off found in the present study and those recommended in the literature and to test whether slowness is better than these two definitions to identify the risk of death in older adults.

Methods: a longitudinal study was conducted involving 6,182 individuals aged 60 or older who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sarcopenia was defined based on the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 using different cut-off for low muscle strength (LMS).

Sex Differences in Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Incidence of Disability in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Evidence from the ELSA Cohort Study.

Vitamin D deficiency compromises elements underlying the disability process; however, there is no evidence demonstrating the association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of incidence of IADL disability separately in men and women. A total of 4768 individuals aged ≥50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) and without IADL disability according to the Lawton scale were available.

Association between falls and cognitive performance among community-dwelling older people: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Falls among older people have a negative impact on health and therefore constitute a public health problem. Cognitive decline can also accompany the aging process, and both conditions lead to significant increases in morbidity and mortality in this population.

Objective: To analyze the cognitive performance of older people, classified as non-fallers, sporadic fallers and recurrent fallers, and investigate the relationship between falls and cognition.

Combination of dynapenia and abdominal obesity affects long-term physical performance trajectories in older adults: sex differences.

Background: There is little epidemiological evidence of sex differences in the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and the decline in physical performance in older adults.

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the decline in physical performance is worse in individuals with dynapenic abdominal obesity and whether there are sex differences in this association.

Methods: Of 6183 individuals aged ≥60 y from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2308 participants with missing data were excluded.

Difficulty in performing activities of daily living and the need for help in older adults: evidence on social distancing models from the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative.

To analyze whether the older adults with difficulty or need of help to perform basic or instrumentals activities of daily living are more socially distanced in times of COVID-19. A total of 4,035 older adults participated in the telephone interviews from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). Difficulty, need and receiving help were classified into: (1) independents; (2) had difficulty without need for care; (3) had difficulty, needed and have received care from someone within their household; (4) had difficulty, needed and have received care from someone outside their household; and (5) had difficulty and needed care but did not receive it.

Differences in the prevalence of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes and associated factors in cohorts of Brazilian and English older adults.

Objective: To analyse differences in the prevalence of prediabetes (PD), undiagnosed diabetes (UDD) and diagnosed diabetes (DD) and associated factors between Brazilian and English older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: England and Brazil.

Does undiagnosed diabetes mitigate the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment? Findings from the ELSI-Brazil study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, most of the evidence has been based on self-reported T2DM, and undiagnosed diabetes has not been considered as a separate category. We aimed to examine the extent to which undiagnosed diabetes modifies the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older.

The Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Determining Severity in Patients with both Systolic Heart Failure and COPD.

Our aim was to identify optimal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) threshold values that distinguish disease severity progression in patients with co-existing systolic heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to evaluate the impact of the cut-off determined on the prognosis of hospitalizations. We evaluated 40 patients (30 men and 10 woman) with HF and COPD through pulmonary function testing, doppler echocardiography and maximal incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer. Several significant CPET threshold values were identified in detecting a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) < 1.

Elderly caregivers of other elderly living with and without children: burden, optimism and coping strategies.

This article aims to compare level of burden, optimism and coping strategies among elderly caregivers of other elderly individuals who reside with and without children. A cross-sectional study was with a sample of 301 elderly caregivers of elderly Brazilians seen in primary health care. Among the 301 caregivers interviewed, 44 resided with children and 257 did not.

Pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults.

Introduction: Providing care to an older adult is an activity that requires considerable physical effort and can cause stress and psychological strain, which accentuate factors that trigger the cycle of frailty, especially when the caregiver is also an older adult. However, few studies have analyzed the frailty process in older caregivers.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults.

Cumulative effects of cognitive impairment and frailty on functional decline, falls and hospitalization: A four-year follow-up study with older adults.

Objective: Evaluate the cumulative effects of cognitive impairment and frailty on functional decline, falls and hospitalization in older adults over a four-year period.

Method: Four hundred five older adults (60-95 years; mean age: 70.62 ± 7.

Uncontrolled Diabetes as an Associated Factor with Dynapenia in Adults Aged 50 Years or Older: Sex Differences.

Background: Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between diabetes and low neuromuscular strength (NMS). However, none have grouped participants into nondiabetics (ND), undiagnosed diabetics (UDD), controlled diabetics (CD), and uncontrolled diabetics (UCD) or investigated what glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) are associated with low NMS (dynapenia) by sex.

Methods: We analyzed the association between UDD, CD, and UCD and dynapenia, the extent to which the different groupings of these individuals modifies this association and the association between HbA1c levels and NMS, by sex, in a cross-sectional study involving 5,290 participants ≥50 years from the ELSA study.

Limited formal education is strongly associated with lower cognitive status, functional disability and frailty status in older adults.

Unlabelled: Limited formal education is still common in ageing populations. Although limited formal education seems to be independently and negatively associated with cognition, functional abilities and frailty in ageing, no studies have examined whether the gradient of limited formal education has an impact on health in later life.

Objective: to examine the relationship of limited formal education with cognitive status, functional abilities, and frailty status.