Age-related lobular involution and risk of breast cancer.

Background: As women age, the lobules in their breasts undergo involution or regression. We investigated whether lobular involution in women with benign breast disease was associated with subsequent breast cancer risk.

Methods: We examined biopsy specimens of 8736 women in the Mayo Benign Breast Disease Cohort from whom biopsy samples were taken between January 1, 1967, and December 31, 1991.

Leadership and professionalism curriculum in the Gross Anatomy course.

Introduction: Today's physicians must demonstrate both professionalism and leadership skills in order to succeed in largely team-based healthcare environments. The purpose of this study was to determine if professionalism attributes, leadership style, and leadership style adaptability are associated with academic performance among first-year students early in their medical curriculum.

Materials And Methods: Students were divided into 4-member dissection groups for the duration of the Gross and Developmental Anatomy course.