Effects of Pattern-Reversal Visual Stimulation on Brain Activity in Migraineurs and General Population.

Background: A better understanding of migraine pathophysiology through standardized methods could facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for migraine sufferers. However, neurophysiological studies with migraine sufferers present larger variability, as most contain only a single measurement.

Objective: This observational study aimed to compare the cortical and visual excitability of migraine sufferers, individuals with other types of headaches, and healthy participants in response to pattern-reversal visual stimulation.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the modulation of cortical and spinal cord excitability in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been applied for modulating cortical excitability and treating spasticity in neurological lesions. However, it is unclear which rTMS frequency is most effective in modulating cortical and spinal excitability in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective: To evaluate electrophysiological and clinical repercussions of rTMS compared to sham stimulation when applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) in individuals with incomplete SCI.

Does trans-spinal direct current stimulation modulate the Hoffmann reflexes of healthy individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysisc.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To summarize the available evidence regarding the effects of trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on spinal monosynaptic circuit excitability in healthy individuals.

Setting: Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Brazil.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and trans-spinal direct current stimulation associated with treadmill exercise in spinal cord and cortical excitability of healthy subjects: A triple-blind, randomized and sham-controlled study.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over motor cortex and trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) modulate corticospinal circuits in healthy and injured subjects. However, their associated effects with physical exercise is still not defined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different settings of rTMS and tsDCS combined with treadmill exercise on spinal cord and cortical excitability of healthy subjects.