How common is natural conception in women who have had a livebirth via assisted reproductive technology? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Question: What is the proportion of women who experience natural conception after a livebirth via assisted reproductive technology (ART)?

Summary Answer: Current evidence suggests that natural conception pregnancy may occur in at least one in five women after having a baby via IVF or ICSI.

What Is Known Already: It is widely known that some women having babies via ART go on to conceive naturally. This reproductive history is of media interest and often described as 'miracle' pregnancies.

Menstrual cup and risk of IUD expulsion - a systematic review.

Background: The menstrual cup is a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly menstrual product which is increasing in usage, especially in younger women. The potential risk for concomitant menstrual cup use to increase IUD expulsion has been raised over the last 10 years, however, few studies assess this. This systematic review aims to identify, appraise and synthesize the current specific evidence on menstrual cup use and risk of partial or total IUD expulsion.

On the similarities of representations in artificial and brain neural networks for speech recognition.

Introduction: In recent years, machines powered by deep learning have achieved near-human levels of performance in speech recognition. The fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience have finally reached a similar level of performance, despite their huge differences in implementation, and so deep learning models can-in principle-serve as candidates for mechanistic models of the human auditory system.

Methods: Utilizing high-performance automatic speech recognition systems, and advanced non-invasive human neuroimaging technology such as magnetoencephalography and multivariate pattern-information analysis, the current study aimed to relate machine-learned representations of speech to recorded human brain representations of the same speech.

Contraception after in vitro fertilisation (IVF): a qualitative study of the views of women who have had spontaneous pregnancies after successful IVF.

Background: The use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) has increased rapidly since its inception in 1978. Women seeking IVF have a wide range of subfertility causes including unexplained subfertility. A growing subgroup of women seek treatment for other reasons than fertility problems, for example, women in same sex relationships and single women.

Women's and healthcare professionals' views on immediate postnatal contraception provision: a literature review.

Objectives: Provision of immediate postnatal contraception, including long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, is increasingly identified and endorsed as a key strategy for reducing unplanned and rapid repeat pregnancies. This literature review aims to evaluatethe views of women and healthcare professionals regarding the receipt, initiation or delivery of these services.

Methods: Databases (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, HMIC) were searched for relevant English language studies, from January2003 to December 2017.

Immediate postnatal contraception: what women know and think.

Introduction: Postpartum women are at risk of rapid repeat, unplanned pregnancy with associated adverse outcomes for mother and child. We aimed to better understand their contraceptive needs to improve delivery of services and prevent unplanned pregnancies.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of women on the postnatal ward of an inner-city hospital was administered over a 6-week period in June and July 2017 to determine their level of knowledge, intentions and preferences regarding postnatal contraception.

Entrainment to the CIECAM02 and CIELAB colour appearance models in the human cortex.

In human visual processing, information from the visual field passes through numerous transformations before perceptual attributes such as colour are derived. The sequence of transforms involved in constructing perceptions of colour can be approximated by colour appearance models such as the CIE (2002) colour appearance model, abbreviated as CIECAM02. In this study, we test the plausibility of CIECAM02 as a model of colour processing by looking for evidence of its cortical entrainment.

Contraception for adolescents with disabilities: taking control of periods, cycles and conditions.

The onset of puberty, periods and sexual relationships can be difficult for adolescents and parents. Adolescents with disabilities face a wide range of additional challenges (physical, mental, social and intellectual), which may impact the quality of their lives and those of their families and carers. Research on the use of contraception in young women with disabilities is limited, and clinicians have little practical guidance for best practice.

Relating dynamic brain states to dynamic machine states: Human and machine solutions to the speech recognition problem.

There is widespread interest in the relationship between the neurobiological systems supporting human cognition and emerging computational systems capable of emulating these capacities. Human speech comprehension, poorly understood as a neurobiological process, is an important case in point. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems with near-human levels of performance are now available, which provide a computationally explicit solution for the recognition of words in continuous speech.

The difficult legacy of Turing's wager.

Describing the human brain in mathematical terms is an important ambition of neuroscience research, yet the challenges remain considerable. It was Alan Turing, writing in 1950, who first sought to demonstrate how time-consuming such an undertaking would be. Through analogy to the computer program, Turing argued that arriving at a complete mathematical description of the mind would take well over a thousand years.

Tonotopic representation of loudness in the human cortex.

A prominent feature of the auditory system is that neurons show tuning to audio frequency; each neuron has a characteristic frequency (CF) to which it is most sensitive. Furthermore, there is an orderly mapping of CF to position, which is called tonotopic organization and which is observed at many levels of the auditory system. In a previous study (Thwaites et al.

Representation of Instantaneous and Short-Term Loudness in the Human Cortex.

Acoustic signals pass through numerous transforms in the auditory system before perceptual attributes such as loudness and pitch are derived. However, relatively little is known as to exactly when these transformations happen, and where, cortically or sub-cortically, they occur. In an effort to examine this, we investigated the latencies and locations of cortical entrainment to two transforms predicted by a model of loudness perception for time-varying sounds: the transforms were instantaneous loudness and short-term loudness, where the latter is hypothesized to be derived from the former and therefore should occur later in time.

Tracking cortical entrainment in neural activity: auditory processes in human temporal cortex.

A primary objective for cognitive neuroscience is to identify how features of the sensory environment are encoded in neural activity. Current auditory models of loudness perception can be used to make detailed predictions about the neural activity of the cortex as an individual listens to speech. We used two such models (loudness-sones and loudness-phons), varying in their psychophysiological realism, to predict the instantaneous loudness contours produced by 480 isolated words.

[Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in a female patient with AIDS].

M. bovis, the agent of bovine tuberculosis, was in other times, the main ethiological agent of tuberculosis (TBC) in industrialized countries. At the moment, the human cases have become not very frequent, except in those countries where the illness is even endemic.

Double-blind comparison of sevofluran vs propofol and succinylcholine for tracheal intubation in children.

We have studied intubating conditions in 64 healthy children, aged 3-10 yr, undergoing adenotonsillectomy, in a double-blind, randomized study. Intubation was performed 150 s after induction using either 8% sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen or propofol 3-4 mg kg-1 with succinylcholine 2 mg kg-1. An anaesthetist blinded to the technique performed intubation and scored intubating conditions using Krieg and Copenhagen Consensus Conference (CCC) scores.