Phase-locked and phase-unlocked multicolor solitons in a fiber laser.

Multicolor solitons are nonlinear pulses composed of two or more solitons centered at different frequencies, propagating with the same group velocity. In the time domain, multicolor solitons consist of an envelope multiplying a more rapidly varying fringe pattern that results from the interference of these frequency components. Here, we report the observation in a fiber laser of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of dynamics in which different frequency components still have the same group velocity but have different propagation constants.

An investigation of the toxicological effects and biological activities of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and its metabolite products.

We aimed to elucidate the toxic effects and biological activities of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and its metabolite products. Numerous methods were used to identify the toxic effects and biological activities of 3PBA, including PASS online, molecular docking, ADMETlab 2.0, ADMESWISS, MetaTox, and molecular dynamic simulation.

Cervicovaginal mucus barrier properties during pregnancy are impacted by the vaginal microbiome.

Introduction: Mucus in the female reproductive tract acts as a barrier that traps and eliminates pathogens and foreign particles via steric and adhesive interactions. During pregnancy, mucus protects the uterine environment from ascension of pathogens and bacteria from the vagina into the uterus, a potential contributor to intrauterine inflammation and preterm birth. As recent work has demonstrated the benefit of vaginal drug delivery in treating women's health indications, we sought to define the barrier properties of human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) during pregnancy to inform the design of vaginally delivered therapeutics during pregnancy.

Hypo-osmolar rectal douche tenofovir formulation prevents simian/human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in macaques.

In spite of the rollout of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the rate of new HIV infections remains a major health crisis. In the United States, new infections occur predominantly in men having sex with men (MSM) in rural settings where access to PrEP can be limited. As an alternative congruent with MSM sexual behavior, we have optimized and tested tenofovir (TFV) and analog-based iso-osmolar and hypo-osmolar (HOsm) rectal douches for efficacy against rectal simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection of macaques.

Characterization of Lumpy skin disease virus isolated from a giraffe in Vietnam.

While investigating a giraffe's death in a Vietnamese zoo, we successfully identified and isolated Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from skin nodule biopsies and ruptured nodule wound swab samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate obtained in this study was closely related to the previous Vietnamese and Chinese LSDV strains from cattle. This is the first report on the genome detection and isolation of LSDV in a diseased giraffe in Vietnam.

The Alkaline Resistance of Waterborne Acrylic Polymer/SiO Nanocomposite Coatings.

This study presents a study on the influence of nano-SiO on the alkaline resistance of waterborne acrylic coating using some analysis methods such as FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, combined with FE-SEM analysis and monitoring weight and adhesion changes during exposure to the saturated Ca(OH) alkaline environment. The obtained results indicated that the alkaline resistance of acrylic coating enhanced appreciably when adding 2.5 wt% of nano-SiO.

Age-dependent immune response in pigs against foot-and-mouth disease virus .

Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs.

The Distribution and Composition of Vector Abundance in Hanoi City, Vietnam: Association with Livestock Keeping and Flavivirus Detection.

Background: Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus are two common flaviviruses that are spread widely by and mosquitoes. Livestock keeping is vital for cities; however, it can pose the risk of increasing the mosquito population. Our study explored how livestock keeping in and around a large city is associated with the presence of mosquitoes and the risk of them spreading flaviviruses.

Performance evaluation of all analytes on the epoc® Blood Analysis System for use in hospital surgical and intensive care units.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the epoc hand-held analyzer against the RAPIDPoint 500 blood gas analyzer and laboratory analyzers where applicable.

Methods: Venous or arterial whole blood samples collected in balanced heparinized syringes were obtained from 69 patients (35 females, 34 males) predominantly (77%) from the surgical unit and intensive care unit (ICU). Method comparison was performed for all analytes on the epoc System against the RAPIDPoint 500 Blood gas analyzer or laboratory analyzers where applicable.

Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 2013-2014.

Outbreaks of emerging coronaviruses in the past two decades and the current pandemic of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in China highlight the importance of this viral family as a zoonotic public health threat. To gain a better understanding of coronavirus presence and diversity in wildlife at wildlife-human interfaces in three southern provinces in Viet Nam 2013-2014, we used consensus Polymerase Chain Reactions to detect coronavirus sequences. In comparison to previous studies, we observed high proportions of positive samples among field rats (34.

Identifying Metabolic Inhibitors to Reduce Bacterial Persistence.

Bacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants that are temporarily tolerant to high concentrations of antibiotics. We have previously discovered that stationary-phase-cell subpopulations exhibiting high redox activities were less capable of producing proteins and resuming growth upon their dilution into fresh media. The redox activities of these cells were maintained by endogenous protein and RNA degradation, resulting in self-inflicted damage that transiently repressed the cellular functions targeted by antibiotics.

Spatial and temporal variations of PAHs in surface sediments of estuarine and coast of CanGio wetland, Vietnam.

Surface sediments from estuarine and coast of CanGio wetland (CGW) of Hochiminh City, Vietnam, were investigated to identify the spatial and temporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAHs showed wide variation but similar to patterns observed (F = 0.901, p = 0.

Does sunlight drive seasonality of TB in Vietnam? A retrospective environmental ecological study of tuberculosis seasonality in Vietnam from 2010 to 2015.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health burden, with an estimated quarter of the world's population being infected. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the "End TB Strategy" in 2014 emphasising knowing the epidemic. WHO ranks Vietnam 12th in the world of high burden countries.

The cervicovaginal mucus barrier to HIV-1 is diminished in bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition in which the vaginal microbiota consists of community of obligate and facultative anaerobes rather than dominated by a single species of Lactobacillus, affects ~30% of women in the US. Women with BV are at 60% increased risk for HIV acquisition and are 3-times more likely to transmit HIV to an uninfected partner. As cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) is the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens and the home of the resident vaginal microbiota, we hypothesized the barrier function of CVM to HIV may be diminished in BV.

Characterization of an Adapted Murine Model of Intrauterine Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) affects nearly 15 million infants each year. Of these PTBs, >25% are a result of inflammation or infection. Animal models have improved our understanding of the mechanisms leading to PTB.

Integration of drug safety monitoring in tuberculosis treatment programmes: country experiences.

New drugs and shorter treatments for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) have become available in recent years and active pharmacovigilance (PV) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) at least during the early phases of implementation, with active drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) proposed for this. We conducted a literature review of papers reporting on aDSM. Up to 18 April, 2019, results have only been published from one national aDSM programme.

Conceptual Design of a Universal Donor Screening Approach for Vaginal Microbiota Transplant.

The success of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treating recurrent infection has led to growing excitement about the potential of using transplanted human material as a therapy for a wide range of diseases and conditions related to microbial dysbiosis. We anticipate that the next frontier of microbiota transplantation will be vaginal microbiota transplant (VMT). The composition of the vaginal microbiota has broad impact on sexual and reproductive health.

Attitude towards deceased donation in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Describe the current state of deceased kidney donation in Southern Vietnam and to explore the knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards kidney donation after death. Factors associated with the decision to donate among selective populations in HoChi Minh city were explored. Self-administered questionnaire of 30 questions to people over 18 years in three different communities were studied, n = 1068; 77% and 63.

Detection of G338R FGFR2 mutation in a Vietnamese patient with Crouzon syndrome.

Crouzon syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, which causes the premature fusion of the cranial suture. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations are well-known causatives of Crouzon syndrome. The current study aimed to assess the gene associated with Crouzon syndrome in a Vietnamese family of three generations and to characterize their associated clinical features.

Development of a mucoinert progesterone nanosuspension for safer and more effective prevention of preterm birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant global problem, but few therapeutic options exist. Vaginal progesterone supplementation has been demonstrated to reduce PTB rates in women with a sonographic short cervix, yet there has been little investigation into the most effective dose or delivery form. Further, vaginal products like progesterone gel often contain excipients that cause local toxicity, irritation, and leakage.

The Ability to Reproducibly Record Cardiac Action Potentials From Multiple Anatomic Locations: Endocardially and Epicardially, In Situ and In Vitro.

Objective: For cardiac arrhythmia mapping and ablation procedures, the ability to record focal cardiac action potentials could aid in precisely identifying lesions, scarred tissue, and/or arrhythmic foci. Our study objective was to validate the electrophysiologic properties of a routinely employed large mammalian in vitro working heart model.

Methods: Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from 18 swine hearts during viable hemodynamic function both in situ (postmedian sternotomy) and in vitro (using Visible Heart methodologies).