Catalytic hydrogenolysis of alkali lignin in supercritical ethanol over copper monometallic catalyst supported on a chromium-based metal-organic framework for the efficient production of aromatic monomers.

The catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin has been reported as an effective approach for lignin depolymerization owing to its high efficiency for aromatic monomer production. In this study, a series of copper monometallic catalysts over an MIL-101(Cr) support were synthesized and used for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of alkali lignin using supercritical ethanol. First, the optimal copper catalyst for lignin hydrogenolysis was selected.

Neighbourhood deprivation and obesity among 5656 pre-school children-findings from mandatory school enrollment examinations.

The risk of child obesity is strongly related to socioeconomic factors such as individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighbourhood deprivation. The present study analyses whether the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and child obesity differs by child's individual SEP. Data from 5656 children (5-7 years) from the mandatory school enrollment examinations of the pre-school cohorts 2017/2018 in Düsseldorf were analysed.

A noninvasive platform for imaging and quantifying oil storage in submillimeter tobacco seed.

While often thought of as a smoking drug, tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) is now considered as a plant of choice for molecular farming and biofuel production. Here, we describe a noninvasive means of deriving both the distribution of lipid and the microtopology of the submillimeter tobacco seed, founded on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology.

Gradients of lipid storage, photosynthesis and plastid differentiation in developing soybean seeds.

This study establishes a topographical framework for functional investigations on the regulation of lipid biosynthesis and its interaction with embryo photosynthesis in developing soybean seed. Structural observations, combined with molecular and functional parameters, revealed the gradual transformation of chloroplasts into storage organelles, starting from inner regions going outwards. This is evidenced by electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, in situ hybridization and histochemical/biochemical data.

Retinal arterial wall plaques in Susac syndrome.

Purpose: To demonstrate retinal arterial wall plaques (RAWPs) in patients with Susac syndrome, a disorder that consists of the triad of branch retinal artery occlusion, encephalopathy, and hearing loss. The clinician may misinterpret these RAWPs as emboli.

Design: Observational case series.