Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management Among Indigenous Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Indigenous populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To contribute towards addressing this health disparity, evidence-based culturally appropriate interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review examines interventions designed to improve the prevention and management of T2DM among Indigenous children and youth.

Molecular evolution of Hokkaido virus, a genotype of Orthohantavirus puumalaense, among Myodes rodents.

Viruses in the genus Orthohantavirus within the family Hantaviridae cause human hantavirus infections and represent a threat to public health. Hokkaido virus (HOKV), a genotype of Orthohantavirus puumalaense (Puumala virus; PUUV), was first identified in Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. Although it is genetically related to the prototype of PUUV, the evolutionary pathway of HOKV is unclear.

Oleanane-type saponins from Lysimachia laxa Baudo and their antibacterial activities.

Seven new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, lysimaponins A-G, were isolated from aerial parts of Lysimachia laxa Baudo. Their chemical structures have been elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial effects against Microcystis aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V.

Genetic characterization of cucumber genetic resources in the NARO Genebank indicates their multiple dispersal trajectories to the East.

Genotyping-by-sequencing of 723 worldwide cucumber genetic resources revealed that cucumbers were dispersed eastward via at least three distinct routes, one to Southeast Asia and two from different directions to East Asia. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated and consumed worldwide. Despite its popularity, the manner in which cucumbers were dispersed from their origin in South Asia to the rest of the world, particularly to the east, remains a mystery due to the lack of written records.

Wearable devices for remote monitoring of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Vietnam.

Patients with severe COVID-19 disease require monitoring with pulse oximetry as a minimal requirement. In many low- and middle- income countries, this has been challenging due to lack of staff and equipment. Wearable pulse oximeters potentially offer an attractive means to address this need, due to their low cost, battery operability and capacity for remote monitoring.

Assessment of hemostatic ability of biomaterial based on chitosan andL. extract.

The biomaterials based on chitosan andL. extract have been prepared by microemulsion method and solution method (with and without sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a cross-linking agent). The main component inL.

Morphological, phytochemical and genetic characterization of accessions collected throughout Vietnam and Laos.

Pennywort ( L.) is commonly grown in the tropical world for its nutritional and medicinal values. Valuable saponins in pennywort are extensively investigated for their anti-tumour activities.

Heart Rate Variability Measured from Wearable Devices as a Marker of Disease Severity in Tetanus.

Tetanus is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective clinical marker with potential value in tetanus. This study aimed to investigate the use of wearable devices to collect HRV data and the relationship between HRV and tetanus severity.

Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei.

Pangasiidae (catfish order: Siluriformes) comprises 30 valid catfish species in four genera: , , , and . Their systematics are frequently revised due to the addition of newly described species. Although Pangasiidae is known to be a monophyletic family, the generic and phylogenetic relationships among the taxa are poorly resolved.

Clinical benefit of AI-assisted lung ultrasound in a resource-limited intensive care unit.

Background: Interpreting point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) images from intensive care unit (ICU) patients can be challenging, especially in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) where there is limited training available. Despite recent advances in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automate many ultrasound imaging analysis tasks, no AI-enabled LUS solutions have been proven to be clinically useful in ICUs, and specifically in LMICs. Therefore, we developed an AI solution that assists LUS practitioners and assessed its usefulness in  a low resource ICU.

The antimicrobial activity and essential oil constituents of the leaves and trunks of P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam.

The aim of the present paper was to report the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential hydrodistilled from the leaves and trunk of P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam.

Urinary catecholamine excretion, cardiovascular variability, and outcomes in tetanus.

Severe tetanus is characterized by muscle spasm and cardiovascular system disturbance. The pathophysiology of muscle spasm is relatively well understood and involves inhibition of central inhibitory synapses by tetanus toxin. That of cardiovascular disturbance is less clear, but is believed to relate to disinhibition of the autonomic nervous system.

MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in a Vietnamese intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.

Background:: Little is known about the magnitude and patterns of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) carriage among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in lower-middle-income countries like Vietnam.

Materials And Methods:: A prospective cohort study was conducted on HCWs working in the adult ICU of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Vietnam between October 28 and December 20, 2019. These HCWs included physicians, nurses, and nursing assistants who were responsible for all essential medical activities and basic patient care.

LmTag: functional-enrichment and imputation-aware tag SNP selection for population-specific genotyping arrays.

Despite the rapid development of sequencing technology, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are still the most cost-effective genotyping solutions for large-scale genomic research and applications. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of numerous genotyping platforms of different sizes and designs, but population-specific platforms are still lacking, especially for those in developing countries. SNP arrays designed for these countries should be cost-effective (small size), yet incorporate key information needed to associate genotypes with traits.

The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies in healthy population in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a population-based study.

Background: Despite diphtheria immunization are to apply an effective primary immunization in childhood and to maintain immunity throughout life. Cases of diphtheria have been reported in Viet Nam in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid among healthy person population in Kon Tum, Viet Nam.

Assessment of the fear of COVID-19 and its impact on lung cancer screening participation among the Korean general population.

Background: We aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 and how much it affected the behaviors of the general population towards cancer screening.

Methods: The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey is an annual population-based, cross-sectional survey to investigate cancer screening rates of five major malignancies. We extracted data on 3,557 cancer-free respondents aged ≥40 years in 2020, including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, family history of cancer, self-perceived general health status, attitudes towards screening, and fear of COVID-19 compared with lung cancer.

The management of tetanus in adults in an intensive care unit in Southern Vietnam.

Tetanus remains common in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) yet the evidence base guiding management of this disease is extremely limited, particularly with respect to contemporary management options. Sharing knowledge about practice may facilitate improvement in outcomes elsewhere. : We describe clinical interventions and outcomes of 180 adult patients ≥16 years-old with tetanus enrolled in prospective observational studies at a specialist infectious diseases hospital in Southern Vietnam.

Analysis of Periodontal Conditions in the Provinces of Vietnam: Results From the National Dental Survey.

Nationwide dental health surveys are crucial for providing essential information on dental health and dental condition-related problems in the community. However, the relationship between periodontal conditions and sociodemographic data has not been well investigated in Vietnam. With data from the National Oral Health Survey in 2019, we performed several machine learning methods on this dataset to investigate the impacts of sociodemographic features on gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and Community Periodontal Index.

The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study.

Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C.

Risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation, autonomic nervous dysfunction and physical outcome in Vietnamese adults with tetanus.

Background: Tetanus remains common in many low- and middle-income countries, but as critical care services improve, mortality from tetanus is improving. Nevertheless, patients develop severe syndromes associated with autonomic nervous system disturbance (ANSD) and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). Understanding factors associated with worse outcome in such settings is important to direct interventions.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in congenital heart surgery: A research article.

Background: Though the modern era has proven to be reassuring with the advancement of perioperative care leading to improved survival, congenital heart disease (CHD) continues to underscore its significance in the lives of newborns and families worldwide. Particularly, CHD has disproportionately afflicted vulnerable minorities such as Black and Hispanic populations from the standpoint of ethnic disparities in mortality following heart surgery, increased resource utilization, and longer durations of stay. This study aims to identify and provide insight regarding the relationships between the aforementioned factors to develop targeted strategies of intervention to mitigate the outcomes for patients of these specific populations.

Emerging carbapenem-resistant sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a tertiary hospital in southern Vietnam.

The emergence of carbapenem resistance in represents a major global public health concern. Nosocomial outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant are commonly reported to result in high morbidity and mortality due to limited treatment options. Between October 2019 and January 2020, two concurrent high-mortality nosocomial outbreaks occurred in a referral hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Colonization with and causes infections in a Vietnamese intensive care unit.

Pre-existing colonization with or has been found to increase the risk of infection in intensive care patients. We previously conducted a longitudinal study to characterize colonization of these two organisms in patients admitted to intensive care in a hospital in southern Vietnam. Here, using genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we aimed to assess the contribution these colonizing organisms made to infections.

Guidelines for Complementary Feeding of Infants in the Asia Pacific Region: APACPH Public Health Nutrition Group.

Good nutrition in the first "1000 days," including breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods, prepares for a healthy childhood and adult life, also contributes to the prevention of the double burden of malnutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding provides all required nutrients until an infant is around 6 months of age when complementary foods are needed. A literature review was undertaken of complementary foods in the Asia Pacific region.