A Rare Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Marine-Lehnhart Syndrome-Indication for Biopsy of Hot Thyroid Nodules?

An uncommon occurrence in which Graves disease (GD) coincides with autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) is termed Marine-Lehnhart syndrome (MLS). While hyperfunctioning nodules in MLS are commonly benign, there exists a rare potential for malignancy. A 41-year-old male patient was initially managed conservatively upon being diagnosed with MLS type 1.

Sexual and drug use risk behaviour trajectories among people treated for recent HCV infection: the REACT study.

Introduction: Exploration of sexual and drug use behaviours following treatment for recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) is limited. This analysis modelled behavioural trajectories following treatment for recent HCV and assessed reinfection.

Methods: Participants treated for recent HCV in an international trial (enrolled 2017-2019) were followed at 3-monthly intervals for up to 2 years to assess longitudinal behaviours.

Epigenetic ageing accelerates before antiretroviral therapy and decelerates after viral suppression in people with HIV in Switzerland: a longitudinal study over 17 years.

Background: Accelerated epigenetic ageing can occur in untreated HIV infection and is partially reversible with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to make a long-term comparison of epigenetic ageing dynamics in people with HIV during untreated HIV infection and during suppressive ART.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, conducted over 17 years in HIV outpatient clinics in Switzerland, we applied 5 established epigenetic age estimators (epigenetic clocks) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants before or during suppressive ART.

Leukocyte Count and Coronary Artery Disease Events in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) have increased cardiovascular risk. Higher leukocyte count has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) events in the general population. It is unknown whether the leukocyte-CAD association also applies to PWH.

Assessing the drivers of syphilis among men who have sex with men in Switzerland reveals a key impact of screening frequency: A modelling study.

Over the last decade, syphilis diagnoses among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) have strongly increased in Europe. Understanding the drivers of the ongoing epidemic may aid to curb transmissions. In order to identify the drivers of syphilis transmission in MSM in Switzerland between 2006 and 2017 as well as the effect of potential interventions, we set up an epidemiological model stratified by syphilis stage, HIV-diagnosis, and behavioral factors to account for syphilis infectiousness and risk for transmission.

CD4/CD8 Ratio and the Risk of Kaposi Sarcoma or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Context of Efficiently Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Collaborative Analysis of 20 European Cohort Studies.

Background: A persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio has been reported to inversely correlate with the risk of non-AIDS defining cancer in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) efficiently treated by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We evaluated the impact of the CD4/CD8 ratio on the risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), still among the most frequent cancers in treated PLWH.

Methods: PLWH from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) were included if they achieved virological control (viral load ≤ 500 copies/mL) within 9 months following cART and without previous KS/LNH diagnosis.

Systematic screening of viral and human genetic variation identifies antiretroviral resistance and immune escape link.

Background: Considering the remaining threat of drug-resistantmutations (DRMs) to antiretroviral treatment (ART) efficacy, we investigated how the selective pressure of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes drives certain DRMs' emergence and retention.

Methods: We systematically screened DRM:HLA class I allele combinations in 3997 ART-naïve Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) patients. For each pair, a logistic regression model preliminarily tested for an association with the DRM as the outcome.

Hepatitis C virus elimination in Swiss opioid agonist therapy programmes - the SAMMSU cohort.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Switzerland are mainly related to intravenous drug use. Since 2017, all patients with chronic hepatitis C can be treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) irrespective of fibrosis stage. In March 2019, the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) published guidelines for HCV management in people who use drugs.

Rapid Progression of Kidney Dysfunction in People Living With HIV: Use of Polygenic and Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Risk Scores.

Background: In people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), it is unknown whether genetic background associates with rapid progression of kidney dysfunction (ie, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decrease of >5mL/min/1.73m2 per year for ≥3 consecutive years).

Methods: We obtained univariable and multivariable hazard ratios (HR) for rapid progression, based on the clinical D:A:D chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk score, antiretroviral exposures, and a polygenic risk score based on 14 769 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms in white Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants.

Repeated Syphilis Episodes in HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study on Risk Factors and the Potential Role of Syphilis Immunity.

Background: Syphilis is re-emerging globally in general and HIV-infected populations, and repeated syphilis episodes may play a central role in syphilis transmission among core groups. Besides sexual behavioral factors, little is known about determinants of repeated syphilis episodes in HIV-infected individuals-including the potential impact of preceding syphilis episodes on subsequent syphilis risk.

Methods: In the prospective Swiss HIV cohort study, with routine syphilis testing since 2004, we analyzed HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).

Spiroergometric assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects with severe obesity: A challenge of reference.

Background And Aims: Severe obesity is associated with poor physical performance but objective data are scarce.

Methods And Results: Bicycle spiroergometry data with focus on peak oxygen uptake (V˙O) and workload (W) from 476 subjects with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m; 70% women) were analysed.

HIV Transmission Chains Exhibit Greater HLA-B Homogeneity Than Randomly Expected.

Background: HIV's capacity to escape immune recognition by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a core component of HIV pathogenesis. A better understanding of the distribution of HLA class I in HIV-infected patients would improve our knowledge of pathogenesis in relation to the host HLA type and could better improve therapeutic strategies against HIV.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred one to 325 transmission pairs and 469-496 clusters were identified for analysis among Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) participants using HIV pol sequences from the drug resistance database.

Adherence to sofosbuvir and velpatasvir among people with chronic HCV infection and recent injection drug use: The SIMPLIFY study.

Background: This study investigated treatment adherence among people with recent injecting drug use in a study of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapy for HCV infection.

Methods: SIMPLIFY is an international open-label, single-arm multicentre study that recruited participants with recent injecting drug use (previous six months) and chronic HCV genotype (G) 1-6 infection between March and October 2016 in seven countries (19 sites). Participants received sofosbuvir/velpatasvir once-daily for 12 weeks administered in a one-week electronic blister pack (records the time and date of each dose) for 12 weeks.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated with Glycated Hemoglobin and Triglyceride Levels in Severely Obese Men: A Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis.

Background: Even subjects with severe obesity show a wide range of metabolic health states, with some showing marked alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism whereas others do not. In severely obese women, we could recently show that the degree of cardiorespiratory fitness is, independently of body mass and age, associated with several markers of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Aims: In our retrospective study on a clinical data set, we questioned whether such an association also exists in severely obese men.

Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for hepatitis C virus infection in people with recent injection drug use (SIMPLIFY): an open-label, single-arm, phase 4, multicentre trial.

Background: Despite revised guidelines that no longer exclude people who inject drugs (PWID) from treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, many clinicians are reluctant to treat recent PWID. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir therapy in people with chronic HCV infection and recent injection drug use.

Methods: In this open-label, single-arm phase 4 trial (SIMPLIFY), we recruited participants with recent injection drug use (past 6 months) and chronic HCV genotype 1-6 infection from seven countries (19 sites).

Resting energy expenditure after Roux-en Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: The mechanisms by which Roux-en Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) provokes weight loss are incompletely understood. Enhanced energy expenditure may be one contributing mechanism. Previous results on changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) after RYGB are inconsistent.

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter does not Predict Metabolic Traits Better than Waist Circumference-Related Measures of Abdominal Obesity in Obese Subjects.

Background: Recently, we showed that in subjects with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m waist circumference (WC) is associated with metabolic traits but associations were weaker in men than in women.

Aims: To confirm our previous observation that anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity are closer linked to metabolic traits in obese women than obese men. To test whether sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) provides a better prediction of metabolic traits in obese subjects than WC related measures.

Changes in risk behaviours during and following treatment for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: The ACTIVATE study.

Background: The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection due to continued injecting risk behaviours might remain a barrier to HCV treatment among people who inject drugs. We aimed to evaluate changes in risk behaviours during and following HCV treatment among people with ongoing injecting drug use or receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST).

Methods: ACTIVATE was an international multicentre clinical trial conducted between 2012 and 2014.

Adherence to response-guided pegylated interferon and ribavirin for people who inject drugs with hepatitis C virus genotype 2/3 infection: the ACTIVATE study.

Background: The aims of this analysis were to investigate treatment completion and adherence among people with ongoing injecting drug use or receiving opioid substitution therapy (OST) in a study of response-guided therapy for chronic HCV genotypes 2/3 infection.

Methods: ACTIVATE was a multicenter clinical trial recruited between 2012 and 2014. Participants with genotypes 2/3 were treated with directly observed peg-interferon alfa-2b (PEG-IFN) and self-administered ribavirin for 12 (undetectable HCV RNA at week 4) or 24 weeks (detectable HCV RNA at week 4).

Type 2 Diabetes is Associated with Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Independent of Pulmonary Function in Severe Obesity.

Both severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with reduced pulmonary function and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. We investigated whether T2DM further aggravates the impaired pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects with severe obesity. In this cross-sectional study pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume within 1 s, FEV; vital capacity, VC) was assessed in 65 severely obese subjects with T2DM (T2DM group) and 65 severely obese subjects without T2DM (non-T2DM group), pairwise matched for sex, age, weight, and height.

Factors associated with syphilis incidence in the HIV-infected in the era of highly active antiretrovirals.

After several years of steady decline, syphilis is reemerging globally as a public health hazard, especially among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Syphilis resurgence is observed mainly in men who have sex with men (MSM), yet other transmission groups are affected too. In this manuscript, we study the factors associated with syphilis incidence in the Swiss HIV cohort study in the era of highly effective antiretrovirals.

Genotypic profiles of hepatitis B in African immigrants and their clinical relevance.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) from 40 adult African immigrants in Australia was characterized to determine the prevalence of different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes. A mutational analysis was then performed to determine the presence of clinically significant mutations and correlate them to clinical outcomes. Initial sequencing analysis revealed 13 with genotype A (32.

QT Interval Shortening After Bariatric Surgery Depends on the Applied Heart Rate Correction Equation.

Background: A shortening of electrocardiographic QT interval has been observed in obese subjects after weight loss, but previous results may have been biased by inappropriate heart rate (HR) correction.

Methods: Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings of 49 (35 females) severely obese patients before and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery were analysed. QT interval (QTc) was calculated by using four different equations, i.