Evaluating tropical drought risk by combining open access gridded vulnerability and hazard data products.

Droughts are causing severe damages to tropical countries worldwide. Although water abundant, their resilience to water shortages during dry periods is often low. As there is little knowledge about tropical drought characteristics, reliable methodologies to evaluate drought risk in data scarce tropical regions are needed.

Attosecond metrology in a continuous-beam transmission electron microscope.

Electron microscopy can visualize the structure of complex materials with atomic and subatomic resolution, but investigations of reaction dynamics and light-matter interaction call for time resolution as well, ideally on a level below the oscillation period of light. Here, we report the use of the optical cycles of a continuous-wave laser to bunch the electron beam inside a transmission electron microscope into electron pulses that are shorter than half a cycle of light. The pulses arrive at the target at almost the full average brightness of the electron source and in synchrony to the optical cycles, providing attosecond time resolution of spectroscopic features.

Integrated IT Platform for Coordination of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Aftercare of Prosthetic Joint Infections.

Background/aim: Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to diagnose and treat. For a correct diagnosis, an array of information has to be processed and weighted. Successful treatment depends on the diagnosis, timing, and surgical strategy paired with treatment of the infectious agent.

Lipoma of the index digit--a very rare location.

We report an extensive lipoma of the left index digit in a 75-year-old woman. This location is very rare. A review of the literature revealed only two prior cases of digital lipoma occurring distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Acute jejunal ileus in intestinal lymphangiectasia.

A 26-year-old patient presented with epigastric pain of sudden onset and severe puffy swelling of both legs and forearms. An irregularly shaped nodular filling defect on selective jejunal films, severe hypoproteinemia, low IgG concentration, and lymphopenia were suggestive of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy, and the patient was placed on a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides. This initially improved his condition, but some weeks later he developed obstructive ileus of the small intestine.

Application of silver acetate autometallography and gold-silver staining methods for in situ DNA hybridization.

In situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes has become an important tool in histopathology. It is well known that the sensitivity of the methods used to demonstrate viral DNA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimen depends strongly on the detection system used. In the present study, an optimized in situ DNA hybridization protocol was combined with four different approaches of gold-silver staining methods.

Distribution and co-localization of immunoreactive helospectin with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine methionine in human nasal mucosa, soft palate and larynx.

Regulatory peptide immunoreactivities reported in the upper respiratory system of man include vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM), which are co-localized in a network of fine varicose nerve fibers. The present study was undertaken to examine the possible occurrence and distribution of the recently described VIP-like peptide helospectin. Double immunofluorescence labelling showed that helospectin is co-localized with VIP and PHM.

Gastrin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells of the antral mucosa in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers. An immunocytochemical study.

Gastrin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in biopsies taken from the prepyloric portion of the antrum from 15 patients with duodenal ulcer, 16 patients with gastric ulcer, and a control group of 19 patients without histopathological alterations of the antral mucosa were studied using peroxidase anti-peroxidase and immunogold-silver staining methods in combination with morphometry. Numerical densities and sizes (immunoreactive areas) of the cells demonstrated were measured and compared between all three groups. Gastrin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were located most frequently in the lower midzone of the gastric crypts.

[Application of silver acetate autometallography in histopathology: a new detection method for use in immunogold silver staining, lectin histochemistry and in situ hybridization].

Modern histochemical techniques allow the specific detection of tissue constituents in situ. Routinely formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues may present problems to the pathologist since destruction of substances can lead to false negative results. Immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) can be a way to overcome some of these problems.

Multiple peptide production and presence of general neuroendocrine markers detected in 12 cases of human phaeochromocytoma and in mammalian adrenal glands.

In this study, antibodies to a range of markers of neuroendocrine differentiation were evaluated for their use in the histopathological assessment and characterisation of phaeochromocytomas. Routinely processed wax blocks from eleven adrenal phaeochromocytomas (10 benign and 1 malignant) and one benign phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder were investigated. In addition to these tumours, normal human, cat and piglet adrenal glands were examined.

Netilmicin: new approach to treating gonorrhoea.

Resistance and side effects to antibiotics or other chemotherapeutic agents are the main limiting factors in the treatment of gonorrhoea. As no such side effects have been reported with a new aminoglycoside, netilmicin, the therapeutic efficiency of this substance was evaluated in 1200 patients (690 women, 510 men) with uncomplicated gonorrhoea, who each received a single dose of 300 mg netilmicin by intramuscular injection. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by smear microscopy and culture, which gave results in all 1200 patients.

Hemangiopericytoma of the heart following treatment of Hodgkin's disease. A case report.

During the autopsy of a 24 year old woman, who died of cardiorespiratory insufficiency a large solitary tumour was found extending into the right ventricle of the heart and obstructing the pulmonary valve subtotally. Histologically the tumour showed a vascular pattern of differentiation typical of a hemangiopericytoma with almost uniform cellularity and a dense reticulin meshwork surrounding the individual tumour cells. Ten years before death the patient had been diagnosed as having Hodgkin's disease treated with an unusually high dose of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.

[Critical remarks on gonorrhea therapy: netilmicin].

Several failures of gonorrhea treatment due to neisseria producing penicillinase (PPNG), resistance against other antibiotics, side effects like allergies, gastrointestinal problems, and other factors are the reasons for continuing trials with new drugs in the treatment of gonorrhea. With regard to modern aminoglycosides, the development of early resistance has not been observed so far. Especially with Netilmicin, no such disadvantages have been reported in the literature.

[Malignant struma. With remarks on the use of the concept of precancerous conditions in strumas].

Struma maligna raises some questions concerning carcinogenesis, precancerosis, as well as diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Only little information can be obtained by evaluating morphological criteria. Usually exhibiting modest malignancy papillary carcinoma as well as C-cell-carcinoma of the thyroid deserve particular interest.

[The effect of spermicides on physiological and pathogenic genital flora].

In vitro-studies concerning the influence of commercially available spermicides on lactobacillus acidophilus as well as on pathogenic organisms of the genital tract revealed, that the preparations had only weak antimicrobial effect on Döderlein's bacteria and pathogenic fungi. However, all four preparations tested, revealed a good inhibition effect on neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum and trichomonas vaginalis. Irreversible damage to gonococci and trichomonas vaginalis.

[Genital Chlamydia infections in female patients at risk of having sexually transmitted diseases].

Investigations for Chlamydia infections of the genital tract were performed in 270 Viennese registered, as well as in 51 non-registered prostitutes. The results were compared with findings obtained in 56 female patients attending an out-patient STD clinic and 48 pregnant women seeking antenatal care in a department of obstetrics. Diagnosis of Chlamydia infection was the organisms on cultured McCoy cells after treatment with cycloheximide.

[The role of clothing in the transmission of pathogenic fungi ].

Laboratory studies were made to examine the possibility of transmission of pathogenic fungi through textiles. 1. Dermatophytes were proven to be present in clothing and leather articles worn over areas infected by fungi.

The successful treatment of mycotic infections in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients with ketoconazole.

Ketoconazole, a new broad-spectrum antimycotic drug, was administered to six renal transplant recipients with mucocutaneous and/or systemic candidosis. A beneficial clinical and microbiologic effect was seen in the treated patients. This orally administered drug was well tolerated, and side effects were not evident.

[Local acne therapy with erythromycin].

Results of treatment of papulo-pustular acne vulgaris with erythromycin in a topical preparation. Demonstration of changes in the bacterial spectrum in acne lesions during therapy. Erythromycin could not be detected in the serum even after extensive application.

[Articular capsule receptors, articular nerves, intra-articular multipolar ganglion cells and their possible functional importance (author's transl)].

Kinesthesia as a process of transmission of sensation in the joints postulates the existence of receptors for different types of stimuli and apropriate pathways. These are described as briefly as possible, and attention is drawn also to multipolar ganglion cells at the outside of the ligamenta cruciata of human knee joints. Their possible functional importance is the subject of a hypothetic discussion assuming that they may represent the "switchboards" for regulating both quantity and quality of the synovia.

[Radiophages and aseptic microsequestration of bone].

Using thorotrastosis for a model we showed that corpuscular radiating substances after entering the vascular space are also being accumulated in the RES (radiophages) of the bone marrow. Redistribution of these substances over the years leads first to mobile and later to immobile deposits of radiophages. This results in a reduction of bone marrow mass in the affected areas as well as myelosclerosis and sometimes in the development of so-called embryonic bone formation (a potentially presarcomatous lesion) and later in the formation of aseptic microsequesters of preexisting spongiosa spicules.