The influence of a false-positive mammogram on a woman's subsequent behaviour for detecting breast cancer.

The aim was to investigate the influence of undergoing further examinations due to a false-positive mammogram on women's re-attendance at the next scheduled screening and their frequency of breast self-examination (BSE). Study participants included 517 women (62% response) recalled due to findings on screening mammograms indicating possible malignancies, and a matched control group of 285 women (68% response) with normal mammograms. Participants completed five and three questionnaires, respectively, during the 2 years following screening participation.

Attainment and importance of life values among patients with primary breast cancer.

The main aims of this study were to investigate the extent to which women with recently diagnosed primary breast cancer (N = 29) and matched control subjects without cancer (N = 29) differ in perceived attainment and importance of life values and to study prospectively life value ratings during 1 year in a large group of recent attendees at mammography screening (N = 706). Life values were assessed by a study-specific version of a life value questionnaire, including ratings of the perceived attainment and importance of seven life value dimensions. Women with a recent diagnosis of primary breast cancer were found to attribute significantly more importance to positive relations than healthy controls.

Mammographically-guided fine needle aspiration in differential diagnosis of cystic versus solid rounded masses smaller than 2 cm detected at mammographic screening.

Purpose: To evaluate mammographically-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the differential diagnosis of smaller cystic and solid rounded masses, detected at screening.

Materials And Methods: All mammographically-guided FNAs performed in a consecutive series of 5013 women recalled in a population-based screening programme were reviewed. FNA was done with a perforated compression plate in 369 masses and stereotactically in 259 masses.

Life values before versus after a breast cancer diagnosis.

The main aim of this study was to investigate whether women's life values change with a breast cancer diagnosis. In addition, associations between life values and anxiety/depression ratings were investigated. Life value changes were prospectively studied in 517 women recalled for further examination after attending mammographic screening, 38 of whom were diagnosed with primary breast cancer.

Sociodemographic predictors of non-attendance at invitational mammography screening--a population-based register study (Sweden).

Objective: To investigate the role of sociodemographic factors in predicting mammography uptake in an outreach screening program.

Methods: Linkage of data from a regional population-based mammography program with four Swedish nationwide registers: the Population and Housing Census of 1990, the Fertility Register, the Cancer Register, and the Cause of Death Register. We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for non-attendance by sociodemographic factors.

Pneumocystography in nonpalpable breast cysts: effect on remission rate.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect on remission rate after pneumocystography among nonpalpable cysts. A series of 206 nonpalpable cysts aspirated using the perforated compression plate technique was reviewed. The effect on remission was evaluated on mammograms obtained 1-3 years after the cyst aspiration.

Nonpalpable breast cancer: mammographic appearance as predictor of histologic type.

Purpose: To investigate the association between mammographic appearance and histologic diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancers.

Materials And Methods: Mammographic characteristics of 317 consecutive clinically nonpalpable breast cancers in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery were reviewed. Malignant lesions were categorized as spiculated masses, other lesions, calcifications, and combined findings.

Mammographic finding as predictor of survival in 1-9 mm invasive breast cancers. worse prognosis for cases presenting as calcifications alone.

Purpose: To investigate breast cancer survival in small invasive breast cancers in relation to mammographic findings.

Materials And Methods: We investigated a consecutive series of 96 cases of 1-9mm small invasive breast cancers diagnosed 1988-1994. Median follow-up of the survivors was 7 years (range: 4.

Short- and long-term anxiety and depression in women recalled after breast cancer screening.

The aim was to investigate the psychological consequences of further investigation after breast cancer screening. Study participants include 509 women (61%) recalled due to suspicious findings on screening mammograms, and a matched control group of 285 women (68%) with normal mammograms. Psychological distress was prospectively assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Local breast cancer recurrence caused by mammographically guided punctures.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of needle track seeding or tumor cell implantation as the cause of locally recurrent breast cancer after breast conserving surgery.

Material And Methods: We reviewed recurrences from a consecutive series of 303 clinically nonpalpable breast cancers treated with breast conserving surgery after pre-operative localization. The median mammographic follow-up was 5.

Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge as predictors of nonattendance in a Swedish population-based mammography screening program.

Background: The effectiveness of mammography screening could be improved if factors that influence nonattendance were better understood.

Methods: We examined attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge in relation to nonattendance in a population-based mammography screening program, using a case-control design. Data were collected from November 1997 to March 1998 through telephone interviews with 434 nonattenders and 515 attenders identified in a population-based mammography register in central Sweden.

Predictors of non-attendance in a population-based mammography screening programme; socio-demographic factors and aspects of health behaviour.

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of non-attendance in a population-based mammography-screening programme in central Sweden, on the basis of telephone interviews with 434 non-attendees and 515 attendees identified in a mammography register. Non-attendance was studied in relation to sociodemographic factors, indicators of general health behaviour, self-rated health and experience of cancer in others and own cancer or breast problems. Being single or being non-employed were the only important socio-demographic predictors of non-attendance.

Effect on sensitivity and specificity of mammography screening with or without comparison of old mammograms.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of old mammograms on the specificity and sensitivity of radiologists in mammography screening.

Material And Methods: One hundred and fifty sets of screening mammograms were examined by 3 experienced screeners twice: once without and once in comparison with older mammograms. The films came from a population-based screening done during the first half of 1994 and comprised all 35 cancers detected during screening in 1994, 12/24 interval cancers, 14/34 cancers detected in the following screening and 89 normal mammograms.

Evaluation by Markov chain models of a non-randomised breast cancer screening programme in women aged under 50 years in Sweden.

Study Objective: To apply Markov chain models that have previously been used on data in randomised trials of breast cancer screening to data from an uncontrolled service screening programme; to compare results with those from a randomised trial.

Design: A service screening programme in Uppsala county, Sweden, inviting 25,660 women aged 39-49 to mammographic screening every 20 months, and the Swedish Two-County Trial inviting 19,844 women aged 40-49 to two yearly screening, compared with 15,604 women of the same age in an unscreened control group. Data were analysed using Markov chain models and quasi-likelihood estimation procedures.

Sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted breast cancer detection in mammography screening.

Purpose: To evaluate a system of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) in mammography.

Material And Methods: A sample of 120 sets of two-view mammograms was examined by an expert screener, a screening radiologist, a clinical radiologist, and a CAD system. The screening and clinical radiologists examined the mammograms twice, first without and then with the help of CAD.

Effect of estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on mammographic breast parenchymal density.

Purpose: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the mammographic density with a possible reduction in the sensitivity or specificity. If so, the benefit of mammographic screening in women using HRT could be compromised. We evaluated the hypothesis that HRT regimens have differential effects on the mammographic density depending on treatment regimens or on age.

Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Nested case-control study in a cohort of Swedish women attending mammography screening.

There is concern that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer. We undertook a case-control study of this risk relationship within a cohort of 40- to 74-year-old women in Uppsala County, Sweden, who participated in mammography screening. Incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained during 5 years of follow-up.

Paraffin tissue block radiography of nonpalpable lesions with calcifications detected at mammography: 5-year consecutive series of surgically excised cases.

The objective of our study was to evaluate paraffin tissue block radiography following biopsy for breast calcifications at a center for population-based mammography screening. During a 5-year period, we radiographed tissue blocks from 259 breast specimens excised because of nonpalpable calcifications. A total of 124 cases were examined retrospectively and 135 cases were examined prospectively.

Screening mammography: sensitivity and specificity in relation to hormone replacement therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the possible effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the sensitivity and specificity of screening mammography.

Materials And Methods: Twenty thousand women aged 50 years or older were interviewed about use of HRT during the second round of screening mammography; of these, 3,126 were currently using, 2,158 had previously used, and 14,716 had never used HRT. Women with breasts known to be composed of predominantly fatty tissue were examined with one-view mammography; otherwise, two-view mammography was used.

Mammographic screening for breast cancer. What cancers do we find?

The aim of this study was to compare lymph node involvement of breast cancer cases detected at mammography screening with clinically-detected cases. During a 3-year period, 273 primary breast cancers were detected in a population-based screening programme, and 149 primary breast cancers were diagnosed clinically. Lymph node involvement was evaluated in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models correcting for tumour size, histological grade, steroid receptor status and DNA-ploidy.

The influence of mammography screening on the pathological panorama of breast cancer.

The pathologist describes the biological domain of breast cancer in which the clinician works. Over the last 20 years there have been indications that the biological domain has shifted following the introduction of fine-needle biopsies, clinical mammography, and later screening mammography. The most commonly used parameters for staging, classification and grading of cancer in some respects probably reflect the biological domain.

Breast cancer survival rates with mammographic screening: similar favorable survival rates for women younger and those older than 50 years.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a population-based mammographic screening program on breast cancer survival rates in women younger and in those older than 50 years of age.

Materials And Methods: A total of 56,881 women, aged 39-71 years, were invited to participate in mammographic screening one to four times during a 6 1/2-year period.

Results: A total of 671 cases of primary breast cancer were diagnosed, of which 472 (70%) cases were detected at screening.

Breast size and mammographic pattern in relation to breast cancer risk.

The relation of Wolfe's parenchymal patterns and radiographically-assessed breast size with breast cancer risk was evaluated in a population-based nested case-control study in Uppsala, Sweden. All women who attended a mammographic screening programme in Uppsala county starting in 1988 have been followed for the occurrence of breast cancer through 1993. The analysis was based on 295 cases and 589 age-matched controls, whose mammograms were blindly evaluated for parenchymal pattern and breast size.

Perinatal characteristics and adult mammographic patterns.

We retrieved breast mammograms for 370 women 40 to 74 years old with no history of breast cancer, for whom birth weight, birth length, placental weight and other birth characteristics were indicated in their standard birth records at the Uppsala University Hospital. Blind evaluation of the mammograms allowed these to be classified according to Wolfe's pattern. Logistic regression analysis was applied using as independent variables the recorded birth characteristics and as outcome variable, high risk (P2 and DY) versus low risk (N1 and P1) mammographic parenchymal pattern.