Sea star wasting syndrome reaches the high Antarctic: Two recent outbreaks in McMurdo Sound.

Sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) can cause widespread mortality in starfish populations as well as long-lasting changes to benthic community structure and dynamics. SSWS symptoms have been documented in numerous species and locations around the world, but to date there is only one record of SSWS from the Antarctic and this outbreak was associated with volcanically-driven high temperature anomalies. Here we report outbreaks of SSWS-like symptoms that affected ~30% of individuals of Odontaster validus at two different sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 2019 and 2022.

Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape.

Viruses can affect coral health by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in coral colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual viral lineages. We sequenced the viral major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect symbiotic dinoflagellates ('dinoRNAVs') to analyze their dynamics in the reef-building coral, Porites lobata.

Variations and gradients between methane seep and off-seep microbial communities in a submarine canyon system in the Northeast Pacific.

Methane seeps are highly abundant marine habitats that contribute sources of chemosynthetic primary production to marine ecosystems. Seeps also factor into the global budget of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Because of these factors, methane seeps influence not only local ocean ecology, but also biogeochemical cycles on a greater scale.

Mothers' perceptions of how homelessness and housing interventions affect their children's behavioral and educational functioning.

Children who experience homelessness display substantial variation in outcomes, but little attention has been given to potential mechanisms linking their housing experiences to their functioning. This study explores these mechanisms using qualitative coding of 80 interviews with parents participating in a randomized control trial of housing interventions for families experiencing homelessness. Interviews were conducted an average of 7 months after families entered a homeless shelter, when most families had exited shelters to a variety of other housing options.

Older Adults in Action: Using Action Research to Address Neighborhood Change.

Older adults face distinct challenges amidst changing neighborhood conditions, yet also bring distinct resources to aid their communities. After considering the literature related to well-being in older adulthood, the effects of neighborhood change on older adults, and older adults and social action, this paper explores the experiences of older adults in the Neighborhood Story Project. This action research project engages a group of neighbors to identify a set of research questions about their community, conduct place-based inquiry, and take action based on their learning.

Integration of Untargeted Metabolomics and Microbial Community Analyses to Characterize Distinct Deep-Sea Methane Seeps.

Deep-sea methane seeps host highly diverse microbial communities whose biological diversity is distinct from other marine habitats. Coupled with microbial community analysis, untargeted metabolomics of environmental samples using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry provides unprecedented access to the unique specialized metabolisms of these chemosynthetic microorganisms. In addition, the diverse microbial natural products are of broad interest due to their potential applications for human and environmental health and well-being.

Stakeholder Perspectives in Anticipation of Sharing Physicians' Notes With Parents of Hospitalized Children.

Objective: Elicit stakeholder perspectives on the anticipated benefits and challenges of sharing hospital physicians' admission and daily progress notes with parents at the bedside during their child's hospitalization and identify strategies to aid implementation of inpatient note sharing.

Methods: Five semistructured focus groups were conducted with 34 stakeholders (8 parents, 8 nurses, 5 residents, 7 hospitalists, 6 administrators) at a tertiary children's hospital from October to November 2018 to identify anticipated benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies prior to sharing inpatient physicians' notes. A facilitator guide elicited participants' perspectives about the idea of sharing notes with parents during their child's hospitalization.

Riddles in the cold: Antarctic endemism and microbial succession impact methane cycling in the Southern Ocean.

Antarctica is estimated to contain as much as a quarter of earth's marine methane, however we have not discovered an active Antarctic methane seep limiting our understanding of the methane cycle. In 2011, an expansive (70 m × 1 m) microbial mat formed at 10 m water depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica which we identify here to be a high latitude hydrogen sulfide and methane seep. Through 16S rRNA gene analysis on samples collected 1 year and 5 years after the methane seep formed, we identify the taxa involved in the Antarctic methane cycle and quantify the response rate of the microbial community to a novel input of methane.

Parent Perspectives on Pediatric Inpatient OpenNotes.

Introduction: 169 U.S. health systems now engage in OpenNotes: a movement to share clinical notes with patients.

Earlier Hospital Discharge With Prospectively Designated Discharge Time in the Electronic Health Record.

Background And Objectives: Hospital discharge requires multidisciplinary coordination. Insufficient coordination impacts patient flow, resource use, and postdischarge outcomes. Our objectives were to (1) implement a prospective, multidisciplinary discharge timing designation in the electronic health record (EHR) and (2) evaluate its association with discharge timing.

Feeding during High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Bronchiolitis: Associations with Time to Discharge.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used to treat children hospitalized with bronchiolitis; however, the best practices for feeding during HFNC and the impact of feeding on time to discharge and adverse events are unknown. The study objective was to assess whether feeding exposure during HFNC was associated with time to discharge or feeding-related adverse events.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included inpatients aged 1-24 months receiving HFNC for bronchiolitis at an academic children's hospital from January 1, 2015 to March 1, 2017.

Nurses' Expectations of an Inpatient Portal for Hospitalized Patients and Caregivers.

Background: Patient portals are intended to engage patients and enhance patient-centered care. Recent studies suggest that the information within portals could provide benefits to patients and their caregivers during hospitalization; however, few studies have examined nurse and staff expectations of portals when used in the hospital setting.

Objective: This article examines inpatient nurse and support staff expectations of a commercially available inpatient portal prior to its hospital-wide implementation.

The neighborhood story project: Co-creating learning, caring, and empowering environments.

Aims: The study examines the Neighborhood Story Project, a facilitated three-month action research project that engages residents in community change. In particular, this paper identifies design and facilitation elements that facilitated participant growth within the project.

Methods: This constructivist multi-case study examines three Neighborhood Story Projects, all located in Nashville, TN.

The neighborhood story project: a practice model for fostering place attachments, social ties, and collective action.

The injustice of gentrification is often reduced to residential displacement and the loss of affordable housing. Yet, in addition to physical displacement of residents, gentrification also displaces community histories, social ties, and spaces of cultural gathering and civic action. The Neighborhood Story Project is a participatory action research intervention designed to engage residents of gentrifying neighborhoods in addressing more than the material effects of gentrification.

Parent Perceptions of Real-time Access to Their Hospitalized Child's Medical Records Using an Inpatient Portal: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Objectives: Engaging with parents in care improves pediatric care quality and patient safety; however, parents of hospitalized children often lack the information necessary to effectively participate. To enhance engagement, some hospitals now provide parents with real-time online access to information from their child's inpatient medical record during hospitalization. Whether these "inpatient portals" provide benefits for parents of hospitalized children is unknown.

Trends in Hospital Treatment of Empyema in Children in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate trends in procedures used to treat children hospitalized in the US with empyema during a period that included the release of guidelines endorsing chest tube placement as an acceptable first-line alternative to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Study Design: We used National Inpatient Samples to describe empyema-related discharges of children ages 0-17 years during 2008-2014. We evaluated trends using inverse variance weighted linear regression and characterized treatment failure using multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with having more than 1 procedure.

Energy Gradients Structure Microbial Communities Across Sediment Horizons in Deep Marine Sediments of the South China Sea.

The deep marine subsurface is a heterogeneous environment in which the assembly of microbial communities is thought to be controlled by a combination of organic matter deposition, electron acceptor availability, and sedimentology. However, the relative importance of these factors in structuring microbial communities in marine sediments remains unclear. The South China Sea (SCS) experiences significant variability in sedimentation across the basin and features discrete changes in sedimentology as a result of episodic deposition of turbidites and volcanic ashes within lithogenic clays and siliceous or calcareous ooze deposits throughout the basin's history.

IK channel activation increases tumor growth and induces differential behavioral responses in two breast epithelial cell lines.

Many potassium channel families are over-expressed in cancer, but their mechanistic role in disease progression is poorly understood. Potassium channels modulate membrane potential (Vmem) and thereby influence calcium ion dynamics and other voltage-sensitive signaling mechanisms, potentially acting as transcriptional regulators. This study investigated the differential response to over-expression and activation of a cancer-associated potassium channel, the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (IK), on aggressive behaviors in mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines.

Finding the Optimal Tradeoffs.

Computational analyses of a half-million circuit topologies provide a rationale for why certain fold-change detection topologies are more prevalent in nature.

Virus-host interactions and their roles in coral reef health and disease.

Coral reefs occur in nutrient-poor shallow waters, constitute biodiversity and productivity hotspots, and are threatened by anthropogenic disturbance. This Review provides an introduction to coral reef virology and emphasizes the links between viruses, coral mortality and reef ecosystem decline. We describe the distinctive benthic-associated and water-column- associated viromes that are unique to coral reefs, which have received less attention than viruses in open-ocean systems.