Unraveling the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Multiple Cervical Root Resorption - A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Multiple Cervical Root Resorption (MCRR) is a rare condition characterized by the progressive destruction of the cervical region of multiple tooth roots, leading to significant tooth loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of MCRR remain poorly understood. Existing knowledge is largely derived from case reports/series.

Baltimore oral epidemiology, disease effects, and HIV evaluation study (BEEHIVE) study protocol: a prospective cohort study.

Background: As antiretroviral therapy has become widely available and highly effective, HIV has evolved to a manageable, chronic disease. Despite this health advancement, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Similarly, PLWH are at an increased risk for selected oral diseases.

Unravelling the Oral-Gut Axis: Interconnection Between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Current Challenges, and Future Perspective.

As the opposite ends of the orodigestive tract, the oral cavity and the intestine share anatomical, microbial, and immunological ties that have bidirectional health implications. A growing body of evidence suggests an interconnection between oral pathologies and inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an 'oral-gut' axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis and other oral conditions in IBD patients and vice versa.

Effect of Periodontitis and Periodontal Therapy on Oral and Gut Microbiota.

Mounting evidence indicates that periodontitis-related oral bacteria may contribute to gut microbial dysbiosis. This clinical study aimed to explore the oral-gut microbial signatures associated with periodontitis and to longitudinally evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the oral and gut microbial composition. Stool and saliva samples from generalized stage III/IV periodontitis patients ( = 47) were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing, before and 3 mo after steps I to II of periodontal therapy.

Murine IRF8 Mutation Offers New Insight into Osteoclast and Root Resorption.

Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor expressed in immune cells, functions as a negative regulator of osteoclasts and helps maintain dental and skeletal homeostasis. Previously, we reported that a novel mutation in the gene increases susceptibility to multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR), a form of tooth root resorption mediated by increased osteoclast activity. The IRF8 G388S variant in the highly conserved C-terminal motif is predicted to alter the protein structure, likely impairing IRF8 function.

M2a macrophages facilitate resolution of chemically-induced colitis in TLR4-SNP mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, impacts millions of individuals worldwide and severely impairs the quality of life for patients. Dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways reduces barrier function and exacerbates disease progression. Macrophage (Mφ) signaling pathways are potential targets for IBD therapies.

Unraveling the Link between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Challenges and Outlook.

Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions, characterized by microbial dysbiosis and hyper-immunoinflammatory responses. Growing evidence suggest an interconnection between periodontitis and IBD, implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an "Oral-Gut" axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis in IBD patients and vice versa.

Substance P aggravates ligature-induced periodontitis in mice.

Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in humans, affecting over 40% of adult Americans. Pain-sensing nerves, or nociceptors, sense local environmental changes and often contain neuropeptides. Recent studies have suggested that nociceptors magnify host response and regulate bone loss in the periodontium.

Nociceptor Neurons Magnify Host Responses to Aggravate Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that progressively destroys the structures supporting teeth, leading to tooth loss. Periodontal tissue is innervated by abundant pain-sensing primary afferents expressing neuropeptides and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). However, the roles of nociceptive nerves in periodontitis and bone destruction are controversial.

Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Root Resorption: A Challenge for a Transdisciplinary Medical-Dental Team.

The goal of this perspective article is to use multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR) as a model to demonstrate the need for transdisciplinary collaborations, from basic science to treatment planning, to improve the quality of health care for all. This is not a review of the literature on the current state of MICRR. Tooth root resorption is a normal physiological process required for resorption and exfoliation of primary teeth; however, root resorption of adult teeth is largely pathological.

Delivery of Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Periodontal Regeneration in Mice.

Factors regulating the ratio of pyrophosphate (PP) to phosphate (P) modulate biomineralization. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key promineralization enzyme that hydrolyzes the potent mineralization inhibitor PP. The goal of this study was to determine whether TNAP could promote periodontal regeneration in bone sialoprotein knockout mice ( mice), which are known to have a periodontal disease phenotype.

Monocyte Subsets With High Osteoclastogenic Potential and Their Epigenetic Regulation Orchestrated by IRF8.

Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells formed by the serial fusion of monocytes. In mice and humans, three distinct subsets of monocytes exist; however, it is unclear if all of them exhibit osteoclastogenic potential. Here we show that in wild-type (WT) mice, Ly6C and Ly6C monocytes are the primary source of OC formation when compared to Ly6C monocytes.

Insights into dental mineralization from three heritable mineralization disorders.

Teeth are comprised of three unique mineralized tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, that are susceptible to developmental defects similar to those affecting bone. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), caused by PHEX mutations, leads to increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-driven hypophosphatemia and local extracellular matrix disturbances. Hypophosphatasia (HPP), caused by ALPL mutations, results in increased levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP), a mineralization inhibitor.

Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Root Canal Sealers with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties.

According to the American Dental Association Survey of Dental Services Rendered (published in 2007), 15 million root canal treatment procedures are performed annually. Endodontic therapy relies mainly on biomechanical preparation, chemical irrigation and intracanal medicaments which play an important role in eliminating bacteria in the root canal. Furthermore, adequate obturation is essential to confine any residual bacteria within the root canal and deprive them of nutrients.

Inactivating Mutation in IRF8 Promotes Osteoclast Transcriptional Programs and Increases Susceptibility to Tooth Root Resorption.

This is the first study to our knowledge to report a novel mutation in the interferon regulatory factor 8 gene (IRF8 ) associated with multiple idiopathic tooth root resorption, a form of periodontal disease. The IRF8 variant in the highly conserved C-terminal motif is predicted to alter the protein structure, likely impairing IRF8 function. Functional assays demonstrated that the IRF8 mutant promoted osteoclastogenesis and failed to inhibit NFATc1-dependent transcriptional activation when compared with IRF8 control.

Reduced Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Enpp1 Mutant Mice with Hypercementosis.

Previous studies revealed that cementum formation is tightly regulated by inorganic pyrophosphate (PP), a mineralization inhibitor. Local PP concentrations are determined by regulators, including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which increases PP concentrations by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Orthodontic forces stimulate alveolar bone remodelling, leading to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Periodontitis in Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome: An Altered Immunoinflammatory Response.

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST), is associated with aggressive periodontitis. It is suggested that LYST mutations affect the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immunoinflammatory response, leading to frequent infections. This study sought to determine the periodontal status of patients with classic (severe) and atypical (milder) forms of CHS and the immunoregulatory functions of gingival fibroblasts in CHS patients.

Hypercementosis Associated with ENPP1 Mutations and GACI.

Mineralization of bones and teeth is tightly regulated by levels of extracellular inorganic phosphate (P) and pyrophosphate (PP). Three regulators that control pericellular concentrations of P and PP include tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), progressive ankylosis protein (ANK), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). Inactivation of these factors results in mineralization disorders affecting teeth and their supporting structures.

A Familial Pattern of Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Root Resorption With a 30-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR) is a rare entity distinct from pathologic root resorption that occurs as a result of several local and systemic factors.

Methods: This report describes a familial pattern of MICRR, including a recently identified case and a 30-year follow-up on previously described cases.

Results: The previously reported father (aged 95 years) and son (aged 64 years), and the recently affected daughter (aged 61 years) recounted non-contributory medical history.

Serum Markers of Bone Turnover and Angiogenesis in Patients With Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw After Discontinuation of Long-Term Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy.

Purpose: To analyze serum markers of bone turnover, angiogenesis, endocrine function, and inflammation in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) who discontinued long-term intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) therapy.

Patients And Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 25 BRONJ patients who had discontinued long-term intravenous BP therapy for an average of 11.4 ± 8.

PTH and Vitamin D Repress DMP1 in Cementoblasts.

A complex feedback mechanism between parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) maintains mineral homeostasis, in part by regulating calcium and phosphate absorption/reabsorption. Previously, we showed that 1,25D regulates mineral homeostasis by repressing dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) via the vitamin D receptor pathway. Similar to 1,25D, PTH may modulate DMP1, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Treatment of amalgam tattoo with a subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix.

A 54-year-old female was referred for management of a large amalgam tattoo involving the alveolar mucosa between teeth #6 and #9. The lesion had been present for over 20 years following endodontic treatment of teeth #7 and #8. A two-stage surgical approach was used to remove the pigmentation, beginning with removal of amalgam fragments from the underlying bone and placement of a subepithelial connective tissue graft and acellular dermal matrix to increase soft tissue thickness subadjacent to the amalgam.