Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Incremental Sheet Forming.

Implementing the ultrasonic vibration-assisted incremental sheet-forming (UISF) process has been proven to significantly reduce the forming force, improve the surface quality, and enhance the accuracy of the sheet-forming process. However, such effectiveness has primarily focused on easily deformable materials (such as AA1050 and AA1060 aluminum alloys) and small step-down sizes (from 0.3 mm to 0.