A simple and efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates using acidic ionic liquid grafted on silica gel.

The catalytic application of 3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1-imidazole-3-ium chloride immobilized on activated silica gel (SiO-Imi-SOH) for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is described here for the first time. This material was synthesized using a three-step method involving the grafting of chloropropyl groups onto activated silica gel, the substitution of zwitterions, and the acidification of zwitterions to form silica-supported ionic liquid. The successful immobilization of the IL on silica gel was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping.

Fulbright as Opportunity for U.S. Nursing Educators and International Nursing Schools.

Background: Nursing education across the globe is rapidly evolving in terms of curricular expectations and professional preparation. While there is a plethora of curricular resources and graduate programs in the United States, in some countries, these resources are limited. Methods: The Fulbright Specialist program, the application process, and challenges as well as the benefits of the role are described.

HIV Drug Resistance Mutations and Subtype Profiles among Pregnant Women of Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam.

According to the latest data released by UNAIDS, the global number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 2021 was 38.4 million, with 1.5 million new HIV infections.

Chronic mild stress leads to anxiety-like behavior and decreased p70 S6K1 activity in the hippocampus of male mice.

Major affective disorders are highly prevalent, however, current treatments are limited in their effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that reduced activity of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a downstream target of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is linked to anxiety-like behavior in both humans and rodents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between S6K1 and anxiety-like behavior following chronic mild stress (CMS) and drug-induced inhibition of S6K1.

Identifications of Surfactin-Type Biosurfactants Produced by Species Isolated from Rhizosphere of Vegetables.

Surfactins are cyclic lipopeptides consisting of a β-hydroxy fatty acid of variable chain length and a peptide ring of seven amino acids linked together by a lactone bridge, forming the cyclic structure of the peptide chain. These compounds are produced mainly by species and are well regarded for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. For their surfactin production profiling, several strains isolated from vegetable rhizospheres were identified by their fatty acid methyl ester profiles and were tested against phytopathogen bacteria and fungi.

Divergent Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Studies of 1,3-Aminoalcohol and 3-Amino-1,2-Diol Based Diaminopyrimidines.

A series of novel diaminopyrimidines containing pinane moieties were synthesized via an efficient methodology starting from pinane-based aminoalcohols, aminodiols and 2,4-dichloropyrimidines. Bioassay tests demonstrated that compound 18a displayed much stronger antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, Siha, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and A2780) than positive control cisplatin. In particular, compound 22a was found to be selective in inhibiting HeLa cell proliferation with cancer cell growth inhibition values higher than 95 %.

Discrimination between the Two Closely Related Species of the Operational Group Based on Whole-Cell Fatty Acid Profiling.

(1) Background: and are closely related members of the "operational group ", a taxonomical unit above species level within the " species complex". They have similar morphological, physiological, biochemical, phenotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics. Thus, separating these two taxa from each another has proven to be difficult to implement and could not be pushed easily into the line of routine analyses.

The prevalence of pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Vietnam: a nationally representative survey, 2017-2018.

Introduction: Monitoring the population-level emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is necessary for supporting public health programmes. This study provides a nationally representative prevalence estimate of HIVDR in people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and estimates of acquired HIVDR and viral load (VL) suppression in people who have received it for 12 or ≥48 months in Vietnam.

Methods: The study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2018 following World Health Organization guidance.

Uranium isotopes in groundwater in Ho Chi Minh City and related issues: Health risks, environmental effects, and mitigation methods.

Groundwater is regularly used for many purposes, such as drinking and agricultural irrigation systems. Still, it contains high levels of radionuclides (e.g.

Thin-film freeze-drying of a bivalent Norovirus vaccine while maintaining the potency of both antigens.

A bivalent Norovirus vaccine candidate has been developed that contains Norovirus strain GI.1 Norwalk-virus like particles (VLP) and strain GII.4 Consensus VLP adsorbed on aluminum (oxy)hydroxide.

Novel (+)-Neoisopulegol-Based -Benzyl Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents.

Discovery of novel antibacterial agents with new structures, which combat pathogens is an urgent task. In this study, a new library of (+)-neoisopulegol-based -benzyl derivatives of aminodiols and aminotriols was designed and synthesized, and their antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains were evaluated. The results showed that this new series of synthetic -benzyl compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial activity.

Improved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feed.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxic fungal metabolite associated with human and animal diseases, is a natural contaminant encountered in agricultural commodities, food and feed. Heterogeneity of AFB1 makes risk estimation a challenge. To overcome this, novel sample selection, preparation and extraction steps were designed for representative sampling of chicken feed.

Goals, life events, and transitions: examining fertility apps for holistic health tracking.

Objective: Fertility is becoming increasingly supported by consumer health technologies, especially mobile apps that support self-tracking activities. However, it is not clear whether the apps support the variety of goals and life events of those who menstruate, especially during transitions between them.

Methods: Thirty-one of the most popular fertility apps were evaluated, analyzing data from three sources: the content of app store pages, app features, and user reviews.

Stereoselective synthesis and application of isopulegol-based bi- and trifunctional chiral compounds.

A new family of isopulegol-based bi- and trifunctional chiral ligands was developed from commercially available (-)-isopulegol. Nucleophilic addition of primary amines towards (+)-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone was accomplished, followed by reduction of the obtained β-aminolactones to provide aminodiols in highly stereoselective reactions. Epoxidation of (-)-isopulegol and subsequent oxirane ring opening with primary amines resulted in -substituted aminodiols.

Accumulation rates of natural radionuclides (K, Pb, Ra, U, and Th) in topsoils due to long-term cultivations of water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk.) and rice (Oryza Sativa L.) based on model assessments: A case study in Dong Nai province, Vietnam.

In topsoils, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (hereafter NRs) increase due to the addition of NRs from fertilizers, irrigation water, and air dust pollution. On the other hand, various physical-chemical and environmental processes such as radioactive decay, volatilization, leaching, erosion, and plant uptake were responsible for the decrease of the activity concentrations of NRs in the topsoils. In this study, behaviours of K, Pb, Ra, U, and Th in topsoils were modelled by the CEMC soil model and the HYDRUS-1D model.

Characterization of the Plant Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from .

Endophytic fungi in symbiotic association with their host plant are well known to improve plant growth and reduce the adverse effects of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, fungal endophytes are beginning to receive increased attention in an effort to find growth-promoting strains that could be applied to enhance crop yield and quality. In our study, the plant growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi isolated from various parts of (a medicinally important plant in Mongolia and China) have been revealed and investigated.

Functional Nanostructured Oligochitosan⁻Silica/ Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Investigation of Their Antifungal Abilities.

Functional hybrid materials were successfully synthesized from low-cost waste products, such as oligochitosan (OCS) obtained from chitosan (one of the main components in crab shells) and nanosilica (nSiO₂) obtained from rice husk, in a 1:1 ratio (/), and their dispersion in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 7 was stable for over one month without aggregation. The molecular weights, chemical structures, morphologies, and crystallinities of the obtained materials were characterized by GPC, FTIR, TEM, and XRD, respectively. The antifungal effects of OCS, nSiO₂, and the OCS/nSiO hybrid materials were investigated via a disk-diffusion method.

Viral load suppression and acquired HIV drug resistance in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Viet Nam: results from a nationally representative survey.

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to estimate the prevalence of viral load (VL) suppression and emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 36 months or longer in Viet Nam using a nationally representative sampling method.

Methods: The survey was conducted between May and August 2014 using a two-stage cluster design. Sixteen ART clinics were selected using probability proportional to proxy size sampling, and patients receiving ART for at least 36 months were consecutively enrolled.