Regional activity and effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network during precision walking with visual cueing: an fNIRS study.

Precision walking (PW) incorporates precise step adjustments into regular walking patterns to navigate challenging surroundings. However, the brain processes involved in PW control, which encompass cortical regions and interregional interactions, are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the changes in regional activity and effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network associated with PW.

Genome-wide association study in two-row spring barley landraces identifies QTL associated with plantlets root system architecture traits in well-watered and osmotic stress conditions.

Water availability is undoubtedly one of the most important environmental factors affecting crop production. Drought causes a gradual deprivation of water in the soil from top to deep layers and can occur at diverse stages of plant development. Roots are the first organs that perceive water deficit in soil and their adaptive development contributes to drought adaptation.

Enhancing cereal productivity by genetic modification of root architecture.

Food security is one of the main topics of today's agriculture, primarily due to increasingly challenging environmental conditions. As most of humankind has a daily intake of cereal grains, current breeding programs focus on these crop plants. Customized endonucleases have been included in the breeders' toolbox after successfully demonstrating their use.

What Makes Adventitious Roots?

The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and adventitious roots. Adventitious roots, arising from the stem of the plants, are the main component of the mature root system of many plants. Their development can also be induced in response to adverse environmental conditions or stresses.

Oral vaccination of first-feeding Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., confers greater protection against yersiniosis than immersion vaccination.

Yersinia ruckeri is a ubiquitous pathogen of finfish capable of causing major mortalities in farmed fish stocks. It can be transmitted vertically from parent to progeny as well as horizontally in the water column from both clinically infected fish and asymptomatic carriers, and is consequently capable of infecting fish at early stages of development. Immunisation strategies that can protect small fry are therefore critical for the effective management of fish health, as is the ability to detect covertly infected fish.