Longitudinal analysis of predictors of electronic cigarette trial among adolescents in Guatemala.

Background: Understanding factors influencing electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) trial in adolescents is crucial for shaping policies and interventions to reduce consumption and potentially prevent addictive tendencies, particularly in countries with weak regulations like Guatemala.

Objective: We aimed to longitudinally assess predictors of e-cigarette trial among Guatemalan adolescents surveyed in 2019, 2020, and 2021.

Methods: Students (13 to 18 years old) from nine private schools completed self-administered questionnaires about e-cigarette use and associated risk factors.

Challenges and opportunities in implementing and enforcing India's loose cigarette sales ban: A qualitative stakeholder analysis.

Introduction: Several Indian states have banned the sale of loose cigarettes, and India is considering a national ban. This study examines the perceptions of policymakers, implementers, and law enforcement officials regarding the implementation and enforcement of this ban.

Methods: Between May-October 2022, we conducted in-depth interviews with 26 key stakeholders involved in tobacco control in two Indian cities, Delhi (where the ban was not implemented) and Mumbai (where the ban was in effect).

Pre-post implementation policy support for warnings on cigarette filters in Canada among adults who smoke cigarettes.

Background: Canada has become the first country in the world to require warnings to be displayed on cigarette sticks. Tobacco companies were given a transition period, from 30 April to 31 July 2024 to ensure that all king size cigarettes sold in the country included warnings on the filter of each cigarette stick. Warnings on the filter of regular size cigarettes will be implemented from April 2025.

Message development for a communication campaign to support health warning labels on cigars: a qualitative study.

Background: Communication campaigns for health warning labels (HWLs) are an evidence-based strategy to reduce tobacco use. No research has examined campaign messages to support graphic HWLs for little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs).

Methods: We developed four message types for graphic LCC HWLs: (1) Explanatory (2) Testimonial (3) Inquisitive and (4) Recommendation, depicting colon, lung, and esophageal cancer.

Identifying attributes of effective cigar warnings: a choice-based conjoint experiment in an online survey of US adults who smoke cigars.

Objective: Little evidence exists on which cigar warning statement attributes may impact cigar warning effectiveness; research is needed to identify the most effective cigar warning topics and text. This study was designed to inform the development of improved cigar warnings.

Design: We conducted a choice-based conjoint experiment.

Effects of E-Cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults with Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.

Introduction: People with opioid use disorder (OUD) on buprenorphine smoke at high rates and have low cessation rates, even with evidence-based medications. Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a promising harm reduction strategy for combusted cigarette (CC) smokers unable to quit. Unfortunately, people with OUD are underrepresented in EC research.

RAD51 Paralogs and RAD51 Paralog Complexes BCDX2 and CX3 Interact with BRCA2.

Homologous recombination (HR) is an important mechanism for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and preserving genome integrity. Pathogenic mutations in the HR proteins BRCA2 and the RAD51 paralogs predispose individuals to breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. The RAD51 paralogs: RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3 form two complexes RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (BCDX2) and RAD51C-XRCC3 (CX3).

Visibility and availability of single cigarettes around schools in four Latin American countries.

Introduction: Single cigarette sales at tobacco-selling points of sale (POS) may promote smoking. We explored visibility and availability of single cigarettes in POS around schools in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru, countries where their sale is banned.

Methods: Between April and July 2023, an observational study was conducted at POS around high schools in urban and rural areas in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru.

Association Between Cigarette and Bidi Purchase Behavior (Loose vs Pack) and Health Warning Label Exposure: Findings From the Tobacco Control Policy India Survey and In-Depth Interviews With People Who Smoke.

Background: The sale of loose cigarettes or bidis can undermine the purpose of requiring health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs and bidi bundles by diminishing their visibility and legibility.

Objective: This mixed-methods study aims to examine the association between purchase behavior (loose vs pack or bundle), HWL exposure, and responses to HWLs among Indian adults who smoke.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2018-2019 India Tobacco Control Policy Survey and from 28 in-depth interviews conducted with Indian adults who smoked in 2022.

Association Between Resident In-Service Exam Scores by Postgraduate Year and Subsequent Board Qualifying Exam.

Introduction: Prior work notes the AUA In-Service Exam (ISE) percentile ranking of chief residents correlates with the American Board of Urology Qualifying Exam (QE) performance. We present a 5-year analysis of resident performance on the ISE and subsequent QE to determine if earlier time points in training may identify those needing additional educational support.

Methods: Participant ISE scores over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 and subsequent QE scores in 2019 were recorded.

Examining the influence of cigar and cannabis co-marketing on packaging perceptions: An experiment with a sample of US youth.

Significance: Cigars are sometimes marketed with cannabis references because they are often used for smoking blunts (i.e., cannabis rolled in cigar paper with or without tobacco).

Young adults' attention to reduced exposure claims in IQOS advertising and associations with product perceptions and use intentions.

Introduction: Non-combusted tobacco products, particularly those authorized as modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs), may appeal to young adults. This cross-sectional study explored young adults' attention to reduced exposure claims in IQOS advertising and its associations with product perceptions and use intentions.

Methods: Fifty-one young adults aged 21-29 (mean age = 24.

To use or not to use electronic cigarettes? Reasons for use, stopping use and their behavioural sequelae among Mexicans who smoke.

Introduction: Reasons for using and stopping the use of e-cigarettes and their associations with transitions in nicotine product use are relatively unknown in countries with e-cigarette bans, such as Mexico.

Methods: Data comes from an open cohort of people who smoke in Mexico, surveyed every 4 months from November 2018 to November 2021. Those who smoked and used e-cigarettes at time t (n=904 individuals, 1653 observations) were categorised at 4-month follow-up (t+1): (1) continued 'dual use', (2) exclusive smoking, (3) exclusive use of e-cigarettes or neither product.

Interaction Between State-Level Cigarette Prices and County-Level Tobacco 21 Coverage on Cigarette Smoking Outcomes Among US Adolescents.

Purpose: To examine whether Tobacco 21 (T21) law coverage moderated associations between cigarette prices and adolescent smoking and associated disparities.

Methods: We used nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional 2014-2020 Monitoring the Future study data (n = 20,547-96,083) to examine associations between state-level average cigarette price per pack and county-level T21 coverage (100% vs. < 100%) on past 30-day smoking participation, first and daily cigarette smoking initiation, and smoking intentions in US adolescents in eighth, 10th, and 12th grade.

Packaging of disposable vaping products and e-liquids in England, Canada and the United States: A content analysis.

Background And Aims: Vaping product packaging is varied and often features bright colours and novel designs, particularly among recently marketed disposable vapes. This study provides an overview of attributes found on the packaging of popular disposable vapes and e-liquid bottles in England, Canada and the United States (US) and assesses compliance with local packaging regulations.

Design: Content analysis.

The Role of Harm Visibility for Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigars.

Introduction: Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) can communicate the harms of tobacco product use, yet little research exists for cigars. We sought to identify the most effective types of images to pair with newly developed cigar HWLs.

Aims And Methods: In September 2021, we conducted an online survey experiment with US adults who reported using little cigars, cigarillos, or large cigars in the past 30 days (n = 753).

Self-reported attention and responses to cigarette package labels at the end of a two-week randomized trial of cigarette package labeling configurations.

Introduction: Cigarette package inserts that describe quitting benefits and tips may promote cessation; however, research is needed to understand better their effects, including potentially enhancing the effects of pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs).

Methods: A randomized trial with a 2×2 factorial design was conducted with adult smokers (n=356) assigned to either small text-only health warning labels (HWLs; control); inserts with cessation messages, and the small text-only HWLs (inserts-only); large PHWLs (PHWLs-only); both inserts and PHWLs (inserts + PHWLs). Participants received a 14-day supply of their preferred cigarettes with packs labeled to reflect their group.

Self-reported decreases in the purchases of selected unhealthy foods resulting from the implementation of warning labels in Mexican youth and adult population.

Background: Front-of-package nutritional warning labels (WLs) are designed to facilitate identification and selection of healthier food choices. We assessed self-reported changes in purchasing different types of unhealthy foods due to WLs in Mexico and the association between the self-reported reductions in purchases of sugary beverages and intake of water and sugar-sweetened beverages.

Methods: Data came from 14 to 17 year old youth (n = 1,696) and adults ≥ 18 (n = 7,775) who participated in the Mexican arm of the 2020-2021 International Food Policy Study, an annual repeat cross-sectional online survey.

"The ban is there, but it is not there": perceptions of cigarette users and tobacco vendors regarding ban on the sale of loose cigarettes in India.

Introduction: Banning the sales of loose cigarettes is recommended by Article 16 of the World Health Organization - Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This study aims to understand the perceptions of cigarette users and tobacco vendors regarding such a ban.

Methods: Using a systematic recruitment and interview protocol, we interviewed cigarette users ( = 28) and tobacco vendors ( = 28) from two Indian cities where sales of loose cigarettes were banned (Mumbai) or not banned (Delhi).

Examining the Role of Aguas Frescas in Assessment of Sugary-Drink Intake among Mexican and Mexican American Adults.

Background: Aguas frescas are Mexican drinks that are typically made with water, sugar, and fruit. Aguas frescas may be a significant component of sugary-drink intake among Mexican and Mexican-American (MA) adults. However, it is unclear whether survey respondents report aguas frescas consumption when it is not specifically queried in standardized beverage frequency instruments.

Does e-cigarette use predict short-term smoking cessation behaviors among adults who smoke in Mexico? A longitudinal study.

Introduction: This study assessed quit attempts among adults who use cigarettes either exclusively or with e-cigarettes in Mexico, where non-daily smoking predominates.

Methods: An open cohort of Mexican adults who smoke was surveyed every four months from November 2018 to March 2021. Participants followed to the next survey were analyzed (n = 2220 individuals, 4560 observations).

Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Little experimental research has evaluated whether the effects of cigarette package inserts with efficacy messages and/or pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) differ across key subgroups of adults who smoke.

Aims And Methods: Adults who reported currently smoking (n = 367) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Small text-only HWLs on pack sides (control); inserts with efficacy messages and small HWLs (inserts-only); PHWLs showing harms of smoking (PHWLs-only); both (inserts + PHWLs). Participants received a 14-day supply of cigarettes labeled to reflect their group.