Steady-state modeling of the biodegradation performance of a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) used for on-site greywater treatment.

In this study, the Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) was applied for the simulation of the removal of organics and nitrogen in a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) used for biological greywater treatment. The data related to the characterization of the greywater were collected over a period of 5 months to be investigated in the model.

Model-based performance and energy analyses of reverse osmosis to reuse wastewater in a PVC production site.

A pilot-scale reverse osmosis (RO) followed behind a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was developed for the desalination to reuse wastewater in a PVC production site. The solution-diffusion-film model (SDFM) based on the solution-diffusion model (SDM) and the film theory was proposed to describe rejections of electrolyte mixtures in the MBR effluent which consists of dominant ions (Na and Cl) and several trace ions (Ca, Mg, K and SO). The universal global optimisation method was used to estimate the ion permeability coefficients (B) and mass transfer coefficients (K) in SDFM.

alpha-Dicarbonyl compounds--key intermediates for the formation of carbohydrate-based melanoidins.

The Maillard reaction of carbohydrates and amino acids is the chemical basis for flavor and color formation in many processed foods. Dicarbonyl compounds, such as 1-, 3-deoxyosones and 1,4-dideoxyosones, as well as short-chain dicarbonyls, such as methylgyoxal or glyoxal, are key compounds of the Maillard browning reaction. The alpha-dicarbonyls are also starting materials for polymerization reactions which lead to formation of carbohydrate-based melanoidins.