Intermittent hirudin versus continuous heparin for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: Besides possible bleeding complications a further problem in anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) where further anticoagulation with heparin is contraindicated. The application of continuous hirudin as alternative for heparin caused bleeding complications by comparable filter efficacy. Aim of this prospective-controlled pilot study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intermittent hirudin and continuous heparin for anticoagulation during CRRT in critically ill patients.

Introduction of a three-dimensional anthropometry of the viscerocranium. Part II: evaluating osseous and soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery.

Background And Objective: Anthropometric measurements, described and assessed in Part I of this article were applied in dysgnathic patients. Diagnosis, surgical planning and follow-up were performed and soft tissue ratios quantified.

Material And Methods: One hundred and seventy-five anthropometric measurements and 146 cephalograms of 100 patients were included.

Introduction of a three-dimensional anthropometry of the viscerocranium. Part I: measurement of craniofacial development and establishment of standard values and growth functions.

Background And Objective: The analysis of lateral cephalograms is based on many vague landmarks that vary intra- and inter-individually. Exposure to radiation and high-quality equipment are essential, while identical object positioning is almost impossible. Anthropometry as presented in the literature is time consuming and cannot reproduce cranial three-dimensionality.