Fungus Ball of the Maxillary Sinus-Modern Treatment by Osteoplastic Approach and Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Purpose: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered standard surgical therapy for fungus ball of the maxillary sinus. However, recent findings have indicated an odontogenic etiology, which requires simultaneous treatment of the dental origin. This study presents the authors' treatment results of fungus ball of the maxillary sinus using a combination of FESS and an endoscopically assisted osteoplastic approach through the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, enabling simultaneous treatment of the dental origin.

Standardized pretreatment inflammatory laboratory markers and calculated ratios in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Analyzing the inflammatory microenvironment has become an important issue in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, leucocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) derived from the peripheral blood were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined a cut-off value for each parameter in 146 patients with OSCC compared with 93 controls and the results were associated with clinicopathological characteristics.

Monitoring carcinogenesis in a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma using a panel of new metabolic blood biomarkers as liquid biopsies.

Introduction: One of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck worldwide with generally unfavorable prognosis is squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity. Early detection of primary, secondary, or recurrent OSCC by liquid biopsy tools is much needed.

Case Presentation: Twelve blood biomarkers were used for monitoring a case of OSCC suffering from precancerous oral lichen ruber planus mucosae (OLP).

HPV Involvement in Head and Neck Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Biomarkers in 3680 Patients.

Background: We conducted a large international study to estimate fractions of head and neck cancers (HNCs) attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV-AFs) using six HPV-related biomarkers of viral detection, transcription, and cellular transformation.

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer tissues of the oral cavity (OC), pharynx, and larynx were collected from pathology archives in 29 countries. All samples were subject to histopathological evaluation, DNA quality control, and HPV-DNA detection.

Immunophenotyping of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in peripheral blood and associated tumor tissue.

The immune system is important for elimination of cancer cells. Tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are capable of escaping detection by host immune cells through apoptotic depletion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and corresponding TILs of tumor specimen were evaluated before and after curative tumor resection (n = 30) compared with PBLs of controls (n = 87).

Evaluation of a biomarker based blood test for monitoring surgical resection of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Introduction: The potential use of determination of biomarkers in blood for the monitoring of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) was evaluated using the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technology.

Materials And Methods: In tumor specimen, elevated Apo10 and transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Apo10 and TKTL1 biomarkers have been used prospectively for EDIM blood test in patients with primary and/or recurrent OSCC (n = 92) before surgery and after curative tumor resection (n = 45).

Glutaminolysis and carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Glutaminolysis is a crucial factor for tumor metabolism in the carcinogenesis of several tumors but has not been clarified for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) yet. Expression of glutaminolysis-related solute carrier family 1, member 5 (SLC1A5)/neutral amino acid transporter (ASCT2), glutaminase (GLS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry. SLC1A5/ASCT2 and GLS were significantly overexpressed in the carcinogenesis of OSCC compared with normal tissue, while GLDH was weakly detected.

Serum vitamin D levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and expression of vitamin D receptor in oral precancerous lesions and OSCC.

Background: Resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Vitamin D (calcitriol) may overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor cells of OSCC. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in oral precancerous lesions of OSCC has not been analyzed and serum vitamin D level seems to be a predictor of cancer development.

Apoptosis resistance-related ABCB5 and DNaseX (Apo10) expression in oral carcinogenesis.

Background: Apoptosis resistance is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Expression of apoptosis resistance-related ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB5 [subfamily B (MDR/TAP) member 5] and DNaseX (Apo10) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Expression of ABCB5 and Apo10 were significantly increased in the carcinogenesis of OSCC compared with normal tissue.

Association of cancer metabolism-related proteins with oral carcinogenesis - indications for chemoprevention and metabolic sensitizing of oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Background: Tumor metabolism is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, TKTL1), mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in OSCC cell lines. Metabolism-related proteins were correlated with proliferation activity (Ki-67) and apoptotic properties (TUNEL assay) in OSCC.

Dexamethasone levels and base-to-apex concentration gradients in the scala tympani perilymph after intracochlear delivery in the guinea pig.

Hypothesis: To determine whether intracochlearly applied dexamethasone will lead to better control of drug levels, higher peak concentrations, and lower base-to-apex concentration gradients in the scala tympani (ST) of the guinea pig than after intratympanic (round window [RW]) application.

Background: Local application of drugs to the RW results in substantial variation of intracochlear drug levels and significant base-to-apex concentration gradients in ST.

Methods: Two microliters of dexamethasone-phosphate (10 mg/ml) were injected into ST either through the RW membrane, which was covered with 1% sodium hyaluronate gel or through a cochleostomy with a fluid tight seal of the micropipette.

Dexamethasone concentration gradients along scala tympani after application to the round window membrane.

Hypothesis: Local application of dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen-phosphate (Dex-P) to the round window (RW) membrane of guinea pigs produces a substantial basal-apical concentration gradient in scala tympani (ST) perilymph.

Background: In recent years, intratympanically applied glucocorticoids are increasingly being used for the treatment of inner ear disease. Although measurements of intracochlear concentrations after RW application exist, there is limited information on the distribution of these drugs in the inner ear fluids.