Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that inflicts the elderly worldwide. Recent studies revealed the association of abnormal methylomic alterations in AD. However, a systematic and comprehensive study is needed to investigate the effects of methylomic changes on the molecular networks underpinning AD, in particular, in brain regions most vulnerable to AD neuropathology.

The Landscape of Sex- and APOE Genotype-Specific Transcriptional Changes in Alzheimer's Disease at the Single Cell Level.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with approximately two-thirds of AD patients are females. Basic and clinical research studies show evidence supporting sex-specific differences contributing to the complexity of AD. There is also strong evidence supporting sex-specific interaction between the primary genetic risk factor of AD, and AD-associated neurodegenerative processes.

Maternal thirdhand exposure to e-cigarette vapor alters lung and bone marrow immune cell responses in offspring in the absence or presence of influenza infection.

There is increasing evidence that thirdhand exposure to e-cigarette vapor (e-vapor) can have detrimental effects on the lungs. However, whether maternal exposure during pregnancy results in harmful changes to the offspring is unknown. Using two different e-cigarette settings (low vs.

When antimicrobial stewardship begins with microbiological test requests: the case of asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Purpose Of Review: We aim to review the rationale, methods, and experiences with diagnostic stewardship targeted at urinary tract infection (UTI) and related urinary syndromes.

Recent Findings: In the last 18 months, several articles have demonstrated the impact of diagnostic stewardship interventions at limiting inappropriate diagnosis of UTIs or inappropriate antibiotic-prescribing, targeting the urinary tract. Antimicrobial stewardship programs may create and implement interventions at the point of urine test ordering, urine test resulting, or at the point of prescribing antibiotics after results have returned.

Inland recreational fisheries contribute nutritional benefits and economic value but are vulnerable to climate change.

Inland recreational fishing is primarily considered a leisure-driven activity in freshwaters, yet its harvest can contribute to food systems. Here we estimate that the harvest from inland recreational fishing equates to just over one-tenth of all reported inland fisheries catch globally. The estimated total consumptive use value of inland recreational fish destined for human consumption may reach US$9.

Quantifying methane emissions from United States landfills.

Methane emissions from solid waste may represent a substantial fraction of the global anthropogenic budget, but few comprehensive studies exist to assess inventory assumptions. We quantified emissions at hundreds of large landfills across 18 states in the United States between 2016 and 2022 using airborne imaging spectrometers. Spanning 20% of open United States landfills, this represents the most systematic measurement-based study of methane point sources of the waste sector.

US oil and gas system emissions from nearly one million aerial site measurements.

As airborne methane surveys of oil and gas systems continue to discover large emissions that are missing from official estimates, the true scope of methane emissions from energy production has yet to be quantified. We integrate approximately one million aerial site measurements into regional emissions inventories for six regions in the USA, comprising 52% of onshore oil and 29% of gas production over 15 aerial campaigns. We construct complete emissions distributions for each, employing empirically grounded simulations to estimate small emissions.

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an online three-wave survey study of US adults.

Background: To effectively promote vaccine uptake, it is important to understand which people are most and least inclined to be vaccinated and why. In this study, we examined predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination.

Methods: We conducted an online English-language survey study in December-2020, January-2021, and March-2021.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Bilingual Nutrition Education Program in Partnership with a Mobile Health Unit.

There are limited reports of community-based nutrition education with culinary instruction that measure biomarkers, particularly in low-income and underrepresented minority populations. Teaching kitchens have been proposed as a strategy to address social determinants of health, combining nutrition education, culinary demonstration, and skill building. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of Journey to Health, a program designed for community implementation using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework.

Using a cognitive model to understand crowdsourced data from citizen scientists.

Threatened species monitoring can produce enormous quantities of acoustic and visual recordings which must be searched for animal detections. Data coding is extremely time-consuming for humans and even though machine algorithms are emerging as useful tools to tackle this task, they too require large amounts of known detections for training. Citizen scientists are often recruited via crowd-sourcing to assist.

Evaluating the use of lake sedimentary DNA in palaeolimnology: A comparison with long-term microscopy-based monitoring of the phytoplankton community.

Palaeolimnological records provide valuable information about how phytoplankton respond to long-term drivers of environmental change. Traditional palaeolimnological tools such as microfossils and pigments are restricted to taxa that leave sub-fossil remains, and a method that can be applied to the wider community is required. Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA), extracted from lake sediment cores, shows promise in palaeolimnology, but validation against data from long-term monitoring of lake water is necessary to enable its development as a reliable record of past phytoplankton communities.

Attribution of individual methane and carbon dioxide emission sources using EMIT observations from space.

Carbon dioxide and methane emissions are the two primary anthropogenic climate-forcing agents and an important source of uncertainty in the global carbon budget. Uncertainties are further magnified when emissions occur at fine spatial scales (<1 km), making attribution challenging. We present the first observations from NASA's Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) imaging spectrometer showing quantification and attribution of fine-scale methane (0.

Third-Hand Exposure to E-Cigarette Vapour Induces Pulmonary Effects in Mice.

In the last decade, e-cigarette usage has increased, with an estimated 82 million e-cigarette users globally. This is, in part, due to the common opinion that they are "healthier" than tobacco cigarettes or simply "water vapour". Third-hand e-vapour exposure is the chemical residue left behind from e-cigarette aerosols, which is of concern due to its invisible nature, especially among young children.

Interpreting the Relationship Among Itch, Sleep, and Work Productivity in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of JADE MONO-2.

Background: Abrocitinib, an oral, once-daily Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, improved itch severity, sleep, and work productivity versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate relationships among itch, sleep, and work productivity in the phase III JADE MONO-2 clinical trial.

Methods: A repeated-measures longitudinal model was used to examine relationships between itch (using the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP-NRS] or Nighttime Itch Scale [NTIS]) and sleep disturbance/loss (using the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure sleep item and SCORing AD Sleep Loss Visual Analog Scale) and, separately, between itch and work productivity (using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Atopic Dermatitis Version 2.

Impact of prior COVID-19 infection on perceptions about the benefit and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

In this online survey of 1,733 US adults in December 2021, respondents believed COVID-19 vaccines are less beneficial and less safe for someone who had already had COVID-19. Those who experienced COVID-19 after being vaccinated believed that the vaccines are less beneficial and less safe than those who had not. Findings highlight the need to better communicate evolving evidence of COVID-19 vaccine benefit and safety and to tailor communications to peoples' COVID-19 history and vaccination status.

Telehealth Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Veterans and Nonveterans: Web-Based Survey Study.

Background: In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies reported delays in health care usage due to safety concerns. Delays in care may result in increased morbidity and mortality from otherwise treatable conditions. Telehealth provides a safe alternative for patients to receive care when other circumstances make in-person care unavailable or unsafe, but information on patient experiences is limited.

Left bundle branch area pacing reduces epicardial dispersion of repolarization compared with biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: Biventricular endocardial pacing (BiV-endo) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) are novel methods of delivering cardiac resynchronization therapy. These techniques are associated with improved activation times and acute hemodynamic response compared with conventional biventricular epicardial pacing (BiV-epi); however, the effects on repolarization and arrhythmic risk are unknown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of temporary BiV-epi, BiV-endo, and LBBAP on epicardial left ventricular (LV) repolarization using electrocardiographic imaging (ECGi).

Effect of E-Vaping on Kidney Health in Mice Consuming a High-Fat Diet.

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and tobacco smoking are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. E-cigarettes have gained significant popularity among younger populations worldwide, especially among overweight individuals. It is unclear whether vaping interacts with HFD consumption to impact renal health.