The Effects of HIIT vs. MICT and Sedentary Controls on Blood Lipid Concentrations in Nondiabetic Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Meta-analysis.

With rates of obesity and dyslipidemia rising among young adults, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and sedentary controls (CON) on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in nondiabetic overweight and obese young adults to determine if HIIT or MICT is more efficacious in improving dyslipidemia. Studies included in the analysis had to be randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies, comparing the effects of HIIT versus MICT or CON on at least three variables of interest: LDL, HDL, TG, and TC, in nondiabetic adults, with body mass indexes (BMIs) above 25, and average ages between 18-30. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.

Is V̇O suppressed during nonapnoeic facial submersion?

The mammalian dive response (DR) is described as oxygen-conserving based on measures of bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased ventilation (V̇). Using a model of simulated diving, this study examined the effect of nonapnoeic facial submersions (NAFS) on oxygen consumption (V̇O). 19 participants performed four 2-min NAFS with 8 min of rest between each.

Core temperature is a greater influence than endogenous 17β-estradiol on the exercise-induced accumulation of myocardial heat shock protein mRNA.

Female rats typically do not show significant increases in myocardial Hsp70 after exercise unless trained (exercise over days or weeks). 17β-Estradiol (E2) has been linked to this inhibition, but it varies considerably over the rodent estrus cycle. Consequently, we examined whether the inhibitory effects of endogenously produced E2 (measured immediately pre-exercise) were acute in exercised female Sprague-Dawley rats (60 min treadmill running at 30 m·min(-1)).

Market forces.

In the NHS, marketing strategies are often seen as a distraction or even a waste of money. But, contrary to popular opinion, such strategies are not concerned simply with advertising the NHS or making it competitive.

Myocardial Hsp70 phosphorylation and PKC-mediated cardioprotection following exercise.

Both protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Hsp70 expression have been shown to be key components for exercise-mediated myocardial protection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Given that Hsp70 has been shown to undergo inducible phosphorylation in striated muscle and liver, we hypothesized that PKC may regulate myocardial Hsp70 function and subsequent exercise-conferred cardioprotection through this phosphorylation. Hence, acute exercise of male Sprague-Dawley rats (30 m/min for 60 min at 2% grade) was employed to assess the role of PKC and its selected isoforms in phosphorylation of Hsp70 and protection of the myocardium during ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Exercise-mediated regulation of Hsp70 expression following aerobic exercise training.

An issue central to understanding the biological benefits associated with regular exercise training is to elucidate the intracellular mechanisms governing exercise-conferred cardioprotection. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), most notably the inducible 70-kDa HSP family member Hsp70, are believed to participate in the protection of the myocardium during cardiovascular stress. Following acute exercise, activation of PKA mediates the suppression of an intermediary protein kinase, ERK1/2, which phosphorylates and suppresses the activation of the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1).

Exercise training improves myocardial tolerance to ischemia in male but not in female rats.

Acute exercise increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in male but not in female rat hearts, possibly due to a decreased heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) response in the female hearts. This study examined whether repetitive exercise training would increase Hsp70 and myocardial tolerance to I-R injury in female rat hearts. Adaptations in myocardial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were also assessed.

The Development of Anticipatory Smiling.

When do infants begin to communicate positive affect about physical objects to their social partners? We examined developmental changes in the timing of smiles during episodes of initiating joint attention that involved an infant gazing between an object and a social partner. Twenty-six typically developing infants were observed at 8, 10, and 12 months during the Early Social-Communication Scales, a semistructured assessment for eliciting initiating joint attention and related behaviors. The proportion of infant smiling during initiating joint attention episodes did not change with age, but there was a change in the timing of the smiles.

Castration inhibits exercise-induced accumulation of Hsp70 in male rodent hearts.

Intense exercise leads to accumulation of the inducible member of the 70-kDa family of heat shock proteins, Hsp70, in male, but not female, hearts. Estrogen is at least partially responsible for this difference. Because androgen receptors are expressed in the heart and castration leads to decreases in calcium regulatory proteins and altered cardiac function, testosterone (T) or its metabolites could also be involved.

[Can we cure autism? From outcome to intervention].

Outcome in autism is variable but with a significant trend toward a poor prognosis and despite reports that outcome in individuals with autism may be improving secondary to early intensive interventions there is still much to be learned about the natural history and the effects of intervention in autism spectrum disorders. While there may not be a known cure for autism, there are a number of viable treatment options available. The primary models of treatment are non pharmacological interventions that include intervention models such as applied behavior analysis and developmental and structured teaching.

Regulation of myocardial heat shock protein 70 gene expression following exercise.

Post-exercise induction of myocardial heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene expression involves the activation of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF1). While the exact mechanisms governing the regulation of HSF1 are unclear, activation is believed to occur subsequent to hyperphosphorylation of specific serine residues. As two important serine kinases, protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), have been implicated in many phosphorylative events in myocardial cells, we examined the role of these kinases in the activation of Hsp70 gene expression following exercise.

Somali refugee women speak out about their needs for care during pregnancy and delivery.

More than half of all Somali refugees in the United States live in Minnesota. To obtain information to develop culturally sensitive health education materials, we conducted two focus groups with 14 Somali women who had each given birth to one child in Minnesota. Overall, women thought that their childbirth experience was positive.

Selected CD34 blood cell allografts for older patients: low transplant-related mortality, graft failure and acute GvHD.

Background: Early transplant mortality is related to acute GvHD, which this study in older patients (40 to 60 years) decreased by reducing the graft T-cell number while maintaining a high CD34 cell number--by positive CD34 cell selection. Potential increased risk of relapse is addressed by giving donor leucocyte infusion (DLI) post-transplant.

Methods: CD34 cells selected by Isolex devices from leukophereses obtained from Filgrastim-treated matched sibling donors were transplanted and DLI given later if there was no GvHD.

Determinants of oxygen uptake kinetics in older humans following single-limb endurance exercise training.

We hypothesised that the observed acceleration in the kinetics of exercise on-transient oxygen uptake (VO2) of five older humans (77 +/- 7 years (mean +/- S.D.) following 9 weeks of single-leg endurance exercise training was due to adaptations at the level of the muscle cell.

Blood transfusion from the recipient's perspective.

This paper reports on an interpretative research study that set out to develop a rich description of patients' experiences of the process of preparing for and receiving a blood transfusion. The themes of information-giving and receiving; reactions, both physical and emotional; and the care and treatment participants received through the experience are presented.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) dose-dependent efficacy in peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in patients who had failed initial mobilization with chemotherapy and G-CSF.

For 10 consecutive patients in our unit who did not show a significant rise in blood progenitor cells within 14 days following chemotherapy and G-CSF, we increased the G-CSF dose from 5 to 10 microg/kg/day (n = 9) or from 10 to 15 microg/kg/day (n = 1). As a result, there were significant increases in total yield as well as yield per apheresis of mononuclear cells, CD34+ cells and CFU-GM (P < 0.025, <0.

Effects of sociodramatic play training on children with autism.

We assessed the effects of teaching sociodramatic play to three children with autism. The training was conducted using a variation of Pivotal Response Training (PRT), a program traditionally used to teach language to children with autism. Measures of play skills, social behavior, and language skills were obtained before treatment, after treatment, and at a follow-up period.

Collection efficiency on the Fenwal CS3000 when using filgrastim (recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) as a peripheral blood stem cell mobilization agent.

The collection efficiency (CE) of the Fenwal CS3000 in collecting peripheral blood stem cells during post-chemotherapy recovery phase ranges from 58% to 73%. Recently filgrastim (recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) has also been shown to be effective as a mobilization agent although mobilization occurs during elevated and not low normal leukocyte counts. We compared the mononuclear cell (MNC) CE and the myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-GM) CE among 11 patients with G-CSF mobilization (33 procedures) and 19 patients during recovery following myelosuppression chemotherapy (93 procedures).

Comparison of haematological recovery times and supportive care requirements of autologous recovery phase peripheral blood stem cell transplants, autologous bone marrow transplants and allogeneic bone marrow transplants.

The haematological recovery time, infection rate and supportive care requirements of patients receiving recovery phase autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants (APBSCT) (n = 38), autologous bone marrow transplants (autoBMT) (n = 13) and allogeneic bone marrow transplants (alloBMT) (n = 14) were compared with respect to the time post-transplant to reach 0.1, 0.5 and 2.

A discrepancy between the instantaneous and the overall collection efficiency of the Fenwal CS3000 for peripheral blood stem cell apheresis.

The collection efficiency (CE) of the Fenwall CS3000 continuous flow blood cell separator in the apheresis of peripheral blood stem cells during haemopoietic recovery following myelosuppressive chemotherapy was analysed. Ninety-three apheresis were performed in 19 patients using procedure 3 on the Fenwal CS3000. The overall CE was calculated from the pre-apheresis cell counts and the stated blood volume processed.

An unusual pattern of hemopoietic reconstitution in patients with acute myeloid leukemia transplanted with autologous recovery phase peripheral blood.

Fourteen patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were autotransplanted with peripheral blood cells collected during early remission. Seven were autotransplanted in first relapse and seven in first remission. They received a median of 3.

Single high doses of cyclophosphamide enable the collection of high numbers of hemopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood.

We used single high doses of cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2) to produce rebound increases in peripheral blood (PB) stem cells (PBSC) during recovery from myelosuppression, enabling their collection by apheresis for later autotransplantation. Thirty-three courses of cyclophosphamide were given to 30 patients with malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or solid tumors. The neutrophil count was less than 0.

Subjective experiences of magnetic resonance imaging.

Clinical experience with the new technology of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has indicated that the procedure may produce anxiety in a number of patients, to the extent that occasionally a patient may be unwilling to undergo the procedure. A study of patients' subjective experiences of MRI was therefore conducted and these were compared with those of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT). Initial interviews with 15 MRI and 15 CT patients led to the development of a questionnaire which was administered to a further 40 patients in each setting.