Increasing lung screening uptake: Exploring people who smoke and their family members' concerns and recommendations regarding screening invitations.

Introduction: Challenges with designing invitation materials and accessing high risk communities are all factors in encouraging attendance at lung screening. This study focused on ways to improve participation in those potentially eligible for lung screening.

Methods: A total of 50 qualitative interviews and 4 focus groups (n=17) were undertaken with people aged 50-75 years from East Midlands, UK.

DNA metabarcoding analysis of the bare-nosed wombat () diet.

Wombats are native herbivorous grazers that have adapted to Australia's low-quality forage. Studies on diet selection by bare-nosed wombats () are limited and are either observational or based on microhistological studies. The current study determined the diet of wombats through DNA metabarcoding across five study sites in New South Wales over a one-year period.

Uptake and 4-week quit rates from an opt-out co-located smoking cessation service delivered alongside community-based low-dose computed tomography screening within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.

Background: Up to 50% of those attending for low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer continue to smoke and co-delivery of smoking cessation services alongside screening may maximise clinical benefit. Here we present data from an opt-out co-located smoking cessation service delivered alongside the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST).

Methods: Eligible YLST participants were offered an immediate consultation with a smoking cessation practitioner (SCP) at their screening visit with ongoing smoking cessation support over subsequent weeks.

Have yourself a 'merry' little Christmas: Alcohol adverts and alcohol content within adverts in the run-up to Christmas.

Exposure to alcohol adverts or other audio-visual content (AVC) in the media is associated with alcohol initiation and subsequent use by adolescents and adults, especially those with or at risk of an alcohol use disorder. The Christmas period is characterised by increased alcohol consumption and there may be an increase in alcohol advertisements during this period. The current study explored the number of alcohol advertisements shown on UK television in a sample of days in the run-up to Christmas 2022 and found that alcohol advertisements were commonly shown but alcohol was also seen in advertisements for other things such as supermarkets.

Autologous Blood Patch Pleurodesis for Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Narrative Review, a Retrospective Case Series and State of Play in the UK.

Introduction: Treatment of prolonged air leak due to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is challenging. Autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP) is a treatment option. Previous evidence is reliant on single-centre series and underpowered trials and is mostly described in air leaks post cardiothoracic intervention.

Co-development of an evidence-based personalised smoking cessation intervention for use in a lung cancer screening context.

Background: Optimising smoking cessation services within a low radiation-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening programme has the potential to improve cost-effectiveness and overall efficacy of the programme. However, evidence on the optimal design and integration of cessation services is limited. We co-developed a personalised cessation and relapse prevention intervention incorporating medical imaging collected during lung cancer screening.

Defining the scope for altering rice leaf anatomy to improve photosynthesis: a modelling approach.

Leaf structure plays an important role in photosynthesis. However, the causal relationship and the quantitative importance of any single structural parameter to the overall photosynthetic performance of a leaf remains open to debate. In this paper, we report on a mechanistic model, eLeaf, which successfully captures rice leaf photosynthetic performance under varying environmental conditions of light and CO .

Opportunistic Non-Governmental Organisation Delivery of a Virtual Stop Smoking Service in England during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

Smoking cessation services have rapidly transformed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes include pivoting from face-to-face to telephone and video call support, remote provision of stop smoking aids and more flexible appointments. This study reports an evaluation of a charity-led smoking cessation service rapidly conceived and launched in this context.

Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the UK POETIC survey.

Background: There is an emerging understanding that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased incidence of pneumomediastinum (PTM). We aimed to determine its incidence among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK and describe factors associated with outcome.

Methods: A structured survey of PTM and its incidence was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021.

Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking (YESS) study: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of adding a personalised smoking cessation intervention to a lung cancer screening programme.

Introduction: Integration of smoking cessation (SC) into lung cancer screening is essential to optimise clinical and cost effectiveness. The most effective way to use this 'teachable moment' is unclear. The Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking study will measure the effectiveness of an SC service integrated within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST) and will test the efficacy of a personalised SC intervention, incorporating incidental findings detected on the low-dose CT scan performed as part of YLST.

Enhanced smoking cessation support for newly abstinent smokers discharged from hospital (the Hospital to Home trial): a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: The United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance (NICE PH48) recommends that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural support be provided for all smokers admitted to hospital; however, relapse to smoking after discharge remains common. This study aimed to assess the effect of adding home support for newly abstinent smokers to conventional NICE-recommended support in smokers discharged from hospital.

Design: Individually randomized parallel group trial.

Implementing a guideline for acute tonsillitis using an ambulatory medical unit.

Objective: Acute tonsillitis represents a significant proportion of admissions to ENT departments nationally. Given current hospital pressures, it is vital to look for safe alternatives to admission. This study explores the safe management of patients in an ambulatory medical unit, without the need for admission.

Cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to second-hand smoke in the home.

Background: Second-hand smoke (SHS) causes numerous health problems in children such as asthma, respiratory tract infections and sudden infant death syndrome. The home is the main source of exposure to SHS for children, particularly for young children. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of a complex intervention designed to reduce SHS exposure of children whose primary caregiver feels unable or unwilling to quit smoking.

Chatting in the face of the eyewitness: The impact of extraneous cell-phone conversation on memory for a perpetrator.

Cell-phone conversation is ubiquitous within public spaces. The current study investigates whether ignored cell-phone conversation impairs eyewitness memory for a perpetrator. Participants viewed a video of a staged crime in the presence of 1 side of a comprehensible cell-phone conversation (meaningful halfalogue), 2 sides of a comprehensible cell-phone conversation (meaningful dialogue), 1 side of an incomprehensible cell-phone conversation (meaningless halfalogue), or quiet.

A randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention to reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke in the home.

Objectives: Exposing children to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) causes significant harm and occurs predominantly through smoking by caregivers in the family home. We report a trial of a complex intervention designed to reduce secondhand smoke exposure of children whose primary caregiver feels unable or unwilling to quit smoking.

Design: An open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial.

The role of forest trees and their mycorrhizal fungi in carbonate rock weathering and its significance for global carbon cycling.

On million-year timescales, carbonate rock weathering exerts no net effect on atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, on timescales of decades-to-centuries, it can contribute to sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 and increase land-ocean alkalinity flux, counteracting ocean acidification. Historical evidence indicates this flux is sensitive to land use change, and recent experimental evidence suggests that trees and their associated soil microbial communities are major drivers of continental mineral weathering.

Configural and featural information in facial-composite images.

Eyewitnesses are often invited to construct a facial composite, an image created of the person they saw commit a crime that is used by law enforcement to locate criminal suspects. In the current paper, the effectiveness of composite images was investigated from traditional feature systems (E-FIT and PRO-fit), where participants (face constructors) selected individual features to build the face, and a more recent holistic system (EvoFIT), where they 'evolved' a composite by repeatedly selecting from arrays of complete faces. Further participants attempted to name these composites when seen as an unaltered image, or when blurred, rotated, linearly stretched or converted to a photographic negative.

Acute hypothalamic instability in traumatic brain injury: a case report.

. Acute hypothalamic instability occurs in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It usually occurs in the form of autonomic dysfunction syndrome (also known as diencephalic seizures or paroxysmal sympathetic storms); however, there are other causes of acute hypothalamic instability of which the clinician must be aware.

Transgenic mice expressing rabbit C-reactive protein exhibit diminished chemotactic factor-induced alveolitis.

The acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), can increase more than a thousandfold during acute inflammatory states, and it is known to modulate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. We have previously shown that CRP inhibits chemotaxis of C5a-stimulated neutrophils in vitro and that rabbits with elevated CRP blood levels exhibit diminished pulmonary vascular permeability and neutrophil infiltration in a model of alveolitis. To study the effect of CRP on alveolitis induced by different chemoattractants, transgenic mice capable of expressing rabbit CRP in a dietary-inducible fashion were treated with inflammatory doses of the chemoattractants.