Generation, Characterisation and Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Mesopelagic Fish Protein Hydrolysates Using In Silico and In Vitro Approaches.

This study generated bioactive hydrolysates using the enzyme Alcalase and autolysis from mesopelagic fish, including and . Generated hydrolysates were investigated for their bioactivities using in vitro bioassays, and bioactive peptides were identified using mass spectrometry in active hydrolysates with cyclooxygenase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and antioxidant activities. In silico analysis was employed to rank identified peptide sequences in terms of overall bioactivity using programmes including Peptide Ranker, PrepAIP, Umami-MRNN and AntiDMPpred.

"It turned out right for both of us": A qualitative study about a preference for home death and actual place of death.

This qualitative study was conducted in Norway to explore couples' preference for home death when one of the partners was dying from cancer, and what made home death possible or not. We conducted dyad interviews with five couples. After the patients' death, the spouses participated in individual interviews.

Healthcare use and costs in the last six months of life by level of care and cause of death.

Background: Existing knowledge on healthcare use and costs in the last months of life is often limited to one patient group (i.e., cancer patients) and one level of healthcare (i.

Place of living at end-of-life according to cause of death: a comparative analysis of all decedents 70 years or older in 2009-2013 in Finland and Norway.

Background: Time at home at end-of-life is perceived as valuable to individuals. Increasing home care is therefore often a political goal. Yet, little is known about where individuals live towards their end-of-life.

How should respiratory depression and loss of airway patency be handled during initiation of palliative sedation?

Background: Loss of airway patency has been reported during initiation of palliative sedation. In present guidelines the loss of airway patency during initiation of palliative sedation is not addressed. Airway patency can be restored by jaw thrust/chin lift or placing the patient in the recovery position.

Implementation of advance care planning in the routine care for acutely admitted patients in geriatric units: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Acutely ill and frail older adults and their next of kin are often poorly involved in treatment and care decisions. This may lead to either over- or undertreatment and unnecessary burdens. The aim of this project is to improve user involvement and health services for frail older adults living at home, and their relatives, by implementing advance care planning (ACP) in selected hospital wards, and to evaluate the clinical and the implementation interventions.

Prevalence of malnutrition among older adults in a population-based study - the HUNT Study.

Background: Malnutrition is common in older adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.

Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the prevalence of malnutrition based on low BMI, involuntary weight loss, and reduced food intake, in a Norwegian population of community-dwelling older adults and older adults living in nursing homes.

Methods: This population-based study is part of the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4) and includes participants ≥70 years from the HUNT4 70+ cohort.

Oral health problems are associated with malnutrition in hospitalised adult patients.

Background & Aims: Hospitalised patients are especially vulnerable to malnutrition, which is associated with an increased risk of complications, leading to longer hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and with a potentially negative effect on the prognosis. Poor oral health may make food intake difficult and contribute to poor nutritional status. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess the occurrence of poor oral health and malnutrition in adult hospitalised patients, and further to investigate associations between oral health problems and malnutrition.

'It's not just about me': a qualitative study of couples' narratives about home death when one of the partners is dying of cancer.

Background: Most cancer patients state a preference for home death. Care and support from primary caregivers are important to enable dying at home. A preference for home death from the perspective of couples has rarely been investigated.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing advance care planning in naïve contexts - where to look when plowing new terrain?

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) is a way of applying modern medicine to the principle of patient autonomy and ensuring that patients receive medical care that is consistent with their values, goals and preferences. Robust evidence supports the benefits of ACP, but it remains an underutilized resource in most countries. This paper goes from the naïve point of view, and seeks to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementation in unfamiliarized contexts and in a whole system approach involving the clinical, institutional and policy level to improve the implementation of ACP.

'I believe respect means providing necessary treatment on time' - a qualitative study of health care providers' perspectives on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: The majority of maternal deaths occur in low-income countries, and facility-based childbirth is recognised as a strategy to reduce maternal mortality. However, experiences of disrespect and abuse during childbirth are reported as deterrents to women's utilisation of health care facilities. Health care providers play a critical role in women's experiences during childbirth; yet, there is limited research on service providers' views of disrespect and abuse in Ethiopia.

The Norwegian Directorate of Health recommends malnutrition screening tool (MST) for all adults.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is underdiagnosed and undertreated in Norway. In a revision of a national guideline on malnutrition, the Norwegian Directorate of Health aimed for a harmonization and standardization of the malnutrition screening practice, including a recommendation of one malnutrition screening tool to be used among all adults in Norwegian health and care services.

Methods: A working group was appointed by the Norwegian Directorate of Health.

Self-reported documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care - A cross-sectional survey study of Scandinavian dietitians.

Background: The documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care in Electronic Health Records is insufficient making further exploration of this of particular interest. Identifying common features in documentation practice among Scandinavian dietitians might provide information that can support improvement in this area.

Aims: To explore the associations between clinical dietitians' self-reported documentation of patients' goals and outcomes and demographic factors, self-reported implementation of the systematic framework the Nutrition Care Process 4th step (NCP) and its associated terminology, and factors associated with the workplace.

The construction of the responsible patient in complex palliative care: interpreting palliative care policies.

Background: To contribute with knowledge to health policy development, this article presents a critical discourse analysis of two Norwegian official reports on palliative care published in 1999 and 2017.

Methods: We identify, describe and discuss how linguistic features in policy documents contribute to and engender a distinct change from 1999 to 2017 in how patients are framed, documenting the development of palliative care.

Results: The analysis identifies and considers two interwoven discourses: the discourse of accountability and the discourse of complexity.

Women's perspectives on disrespect and abuse experiences during childbirth in a teaching hospital in Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study.

There is evidence that women in Ethiopia often face disrespect and abuse in health care facilities during childbirth. Disrespect and abuse (D&A) violate women's right to dignified, respectful health care and decrease their trust in health care facilities. There is a need for more insight into women's perspectives on D&A during childbirth in different contexts.

"A bit of everything": Health literacy interventions in chronic conditions - a systematic review.

Objective: To systematically evaluate health literacy (HL) interventions in chronic conditions by exploring theoretical perspectives, intervention content and effectiveness.

Method: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Standardised systematic review methods were used, and sequences informing our research question were extracted and analysed.

Respiratory dysfunction three months after severe COVID-19 is associated with gut microbiota alterations.

Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory infection, mounting evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the disease, with gut barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota alterations being related to disease severity. Whether these alterations persist and are related to long-term respiratory dysfunction remains unknown.

Methods: Plasma was collected during hospital admission and after 3 months from the NOR-Solidarity trial (n = 181) and analyzed for markers of gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation.

Parenteral Nutrition in Advanced Cancer: The Healthcare Providers' Perspective.

Introduction: The evidence base for parenteral nutrition (PN) in advanced cancer patients is limited. We studied healthcare providers' (HCPs') experiences with PN in cancer patients, focusing on perceived treatment benefits and challenges.

Methods: An 18-item online survey was emailed to HCPs attending one of three regional palliative care seminars held within a 6-month period.

Predictors of nutrition care process knowledge and use among dietitians internationally.

Background: The nutrition care process (NCP) and its associated standardised terminology (NCPT, referred to collectively as NCP/T) forms a problem-solving framework fundamental to dietetic practice. Global implementation would assist in confirming outcomes from dietetic care, but implementation rates have varied between countries. We investigated which factors predict NCP/T knowledge and use among dietetic professionals in an international cohort, aiming to understand how implementation can be strengthened.

Establishing Clinical Ethics Committees in Primary Care: A Study from Norwegian Municipal Care.

Would primary care services benefit from the aid of a clinical ethics committee (CEC)? The implementation of CECs in primary care in four Norwegian municipalities was supported and their activities followed for 2.5 years. In this study, the CECs' structure and activities are described, with special emphasis on what characterizes the cases they have discussed.

Diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia: reduced food intake and inflammation predict weight loss and survival in an international, multi-cohort analysis.

Background: Cancer-associated weight loss (WL) associates with increased mortality. International consensus suggests that WL is driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake and/or altered metabolism, the latter often represented by the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). We aggregated data from Canadian and European research studies to evaluate the associations of reduced food intake and CRP with cancer-associated WL (primary endpoint) and overall survival (OS, secondary endpoint).

Reduction in flavor-intense components in fish protein hydrolysates by membrane filtration.

Enzymatic protein hydrolysates based on side stream materials from the fish-filleting industry are increasingly explored as food ingredients. However, intense sensory properties, and high salt contents, are often a limiting factor. Most of the sensory attributes, such as fish flavor and salty taste, can be ascribed to low-molecular-weight, water-soluble components, whereas bitterness is associated with small hydrophobic peptides.

Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.

Background: New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx.