Crowding and spacing in the dental arches: long-term development in treated and untreated subjects.

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to analyze long-term changes in anterior spacing and crowding and to compare the development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects.

Methods: The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the late mixed or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 7 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both.

Long-term development of malocclusion traits in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects.

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to analyze long-term changes in malocclusion traits and to compare the development in orthodontically treated and untreated subjects.

Methods: The sample comprised 308 adolescents in the intermediate, late mixed, or early permanent dentition who were examined clinically at the ages of 8 to 17 years and again 25 years later. The treated subgroup of 58 subjects had received orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances or both.

Development of occlusal traits and dental arch space from adolescence to adulthood: a 25-year follow-up study of 245 untreated subjects.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinally the development of specific occlusal traits and space conditions in an Icelandic sample.

Methods: The sample comprised 245 adolescents examined clinically in the late mixed or permanent dentition and again 25 years later. All subjects were orthodontically untreated, and all had the full complement of teeth at both examinations.

Orthodontic treatment experience and prevalence of malocclusion traits in an Icelandic adult population.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to record the extent of orthodontic treatment and the prevalence of occlusal anomalies in an adult sample in Iceland.

Methods: The study was based on a random sample of 829 subjects, 342 men and 487 women, aged 31 to 44 years, who completed questionnaires about their orthodontic treatment experiences and were available for clinical examination.

Results: Complete dentitions in both jaws were present in 52.

Craniofacial changes in Icelandic children between 6 and 16 years of age - a longitudinal study.

The aim of the present study was to describe the craniofacial changes between 6 and 16 years of age in a sample of Icelandic children. Complete sets of lateral cephalometric radiographs were available from 95 males and 87 females. Twenty-two reference points were digitized and processed by standard methods, using the Dentofacial Planner computer software program.

Heritability of craniofacial characteristics between parents and offspring estimated from lateral cephalograms.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to estimate the heritability of different cephalometric parameters, according to lateral cephalograms, between parents and their offspring in an Icelandic population.

Methods: The material was collected at the Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland. The subjects were 363 children (6 years of age) and their parents.

Craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology in Icelandic adults.

The purpose of the study was to describe the craniofacial characteristics of Icelandic adults on lateral skull cephalograms. The material consisted of 155 (47.8%) males and 169 (52.

Dental anxiety in Iceland: an epidemiological postal survey.

In this study, we examined the prevalence of specific (dental) phobia among a sample of the Icelandic population. In addition to dental anxiety we explored factors that could be related to dental anxiety. In the period 1972-73, a stratified sample of 1641 schoolchildren in Reykjavík was selected for a study on malocclusion, dental maturation and other factors.