National Danish surveillance of invasive clinical isolates and their resistance profile.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, serotype distribution, phenotypical antibiogram, and molecular resistance gene characteristics of invasive infections in Denmark from 2014 to 2022. Additionally, the potential impact of outdoor temperature and COVID-19 restrictions on the epidemiology of was assessed.

Materials And Methods: Invasive isolates were received from patients with positive culture results from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or other sterile sites.

Genetic variants linked to the phenotypic outcome of invasive disease and carriage of .

can be a human commensal in the upper respiratory tract but is also capable of causing invasive diseases such as meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. No specific genetic markers have been detected to distinguish carriage from disease isolates. The aim here was to find genetic traits that could be linked to phenotypic outcomes associated with carriage versus invasive disease through a bacterial genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections and emergence of novel, rapidly expanding sub-lineage of the virulent M1 clone, Denmark, 2023.

A highly virulent sub-lineage of the M1 clone has been rapidly expanding throughout Denmark since late 2022 and now accounts for 30% of the new invasive group A streptococcal infections. We aimed to investigate whether a shift in variant composition can account for the high incidence rates observed over winter 2022/23, or if these are better explained by the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on population immunity and carriage of group A .

Evaluation of molecular typing for national surveillance of invasive clinical isolates from Denmark.

Ha is a gram-negative coccobacillus known to cause respiratory and invasive infections. It can possess a polysaccharide capsule that can be categorized into six different serotypes (i.e.

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 in Denmark.

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and new variants emerge. Using nationwide Danish data, we estimate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.

Genomic analysis of the zoonotic ST73 lineage containing avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC).

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a globally distributed pathogen, with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC) pathotypes particularly involved in human and companion animal disease, while avian pathogenic pathotype (APEC) severely impact poultry health and production.

Development of a species-specific real-time PCR test for Chlamydia psittaci and its employment in the investigation of zoonotic transmission from racing pigeons in Denmark.

Species-specific detection of Chlamydia psittaci is challenging and all published PCR tests have so far shown deficiencies in specificity or sensitivity. The present investigation reports on the development of a species-specific real-time PCR assay for C. psittaci.

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have an altered skin bacterial community, with an abundance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with flares, highlighting that microbial organisms may be important for disease exacerbation. Despite strong evidence of association between bacterial skin colonisation and AD, very limited knowledge regarding the eukaryotic microbial community, including fungi and ectoparasites, in AD exists. In this study, we compared the skin and nasal eukaryotic microbial community between adult AD patients (n = 55) and non-AD healthy controls (n = 45) using targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Impact of Metronidazole Treatment and Dientamoeba Fragilis Colonization on Gut Microbiota Diversity.

Objectives: The intestinal parasite Dientamoeba fragilis is a common colonizer of children in Denmark. Metronidazole has been used to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms in children colonized with D fragilis. We aimed to identify gut microbiota changes associated with D fragilis carrier status and metronidazole treatment of D fragilis-positive children.

Methicillin-Resistant Lineages in the Nasal and Skin Microbiota of Patients Planned for Arthroplasty Surgery.

, ubiquitous in the human nasal and skin microbiota, is a common causative microorganism in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). A high proportion of PJI isolates have been shown to harbor genetic traits associated with resistance to/tolerance of agents used for antimicrobial prophylaxis in joint arthroplasties. These traits were found within multidrug-resistant (MDRSE) lineages of multiple genetic backgrounds.

Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific Gene Sequencing.

The aim was to study alterations of bacterial communities in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty to assess the impact of chlorhexidine gluconate soap decolonisation and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. A Swedish multicentre, prospective collection of samples obtained from elective arthroplasty patients (n = 83) by swabbing anterior nares, skin sites in the groin and the site of planned surgery, before and after arthroplasty surgery, was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) gene sequencing and a complementary targeted gene sequencing approach to comprehensively characterise alterations in staphylococcal communities. Significant reductions in alpha diversity was detected for both bacterial ( = 0.

The Epidome - a species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection.

Background: Although generally known as a human commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial infections related to foreign body materials and immunocompromized patients. Infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineages that are difficult and costly to treat, and can have a major adverse impact on patients' quality of life. Heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in both carriage and infection, but present methodology for detection of this is laborious or expensive.

Changes in the vaginal microbiota following antibiotic treatment for Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and bacterial vaginosis.

The human vagina harbor a rich microbiota. The optimal state is dominated by lactobacilli that help to maintain health and prevent various diseases. However, the microbiota may rapidly change to a polymicrobial state that has been linked to a number of diseases.

mcr-Positive Escherichia coli ST131-H22 from Poultry in Brazil.

Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131 is of concern because it can acquire antimicrobial resistance and cause extraintestinal infections. E. coli ST131-H22 sublineage appears capable of being transmitted to humans through poultry.

Genomic analyses of clonal complex 45 isolates does not distinguish nasal carriage from bacteraemia.

is a colonizing opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of bloodstream infection with high morbidity and mortality. carriage frequency is reportedly between 20 and 40 % among healthy adults, with colonization considered to be a risk factor for bacteraemia. It is unknown whether a genetic component of the bacterium is associated with bacteraemia in comparison to nasal carriage strains.

Multistrain Probiotic Increases the Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Pregnant Women: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

Background: Maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may have positive effects on blood glucose, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)].

Objectives: This feasibility study involved a daily probiotic intervention in obese pregnant women from the early second trimester until delivery.

Evolution and Population Dynamics of Clonal Complex 152 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant .

Since the late 1990s, changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) were recognized with the emergence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA belonging to clonal complex 152 (CC152), carrying the small staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) type V and encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), has been observed in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate its origin, evolution, and dissemination.

Transient and Persistent Gastric Microbiome: Adherence of Bacteria in Gastric Cancer and Dyspeptic Patient Biopsies after Washing.

is a common colonizer of the human stomach, and long-term colonization has been related to development of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The increased gastric pH caused by colonization, treatment with antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may allow growth of other bacteria. Previous studies have detected non- bacteria in stomach biopsies, but no conclusion has been made of whether these represent a transient contamination or a persistent microbiota.

Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli within the ST131 Lineage as a Cause of Extraintestinal Infections.

sequence type 131 (ST131) is a major cause of urinary and bloodstream infections. Its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) significantly complicates treatment. Its best-described component is the rapidly expanding 30Rx clade, containing allele 30 of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene This lineage appears to have emerged in the United States and spread around the world in part due to the acquisition of the ESBL-encoding gene and resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Investigation of the human nasal microbiome in persons with long- and short-term exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria from the pig farm environment.

Since its emergence in the early 2000s, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 (LA-MRSA CC398) has led to an increasing number of human infections in Denmark and other European countries with industrial pig production. LA-MRSA CC398 is primarily associated with skin infections among pig farm workers but is also increasingly recognized as a cause of life-threatening disease among elderly and immunocompromised people. Pig farm workers may serve as vehicles for the spread of LA-MRSA CC398 and other farm-origin bacteria between farms and into the general population.

Parasites modulate the gut-microbiome in insects: A proof-of-concept study.

Host-parasite interactions may be modulated by host- or parasite-associated microbes, but the role of these are often overlooked. Particularly for parasites with intestinal stages (either larval or adult), the host gut microbiome may play a key role for parasite establishment; moreover, the microbiome may change in response to invading parasites. Hypothesis testing at the organismal level may be hampered, particularly in mammalian definitive hosts, by ethical, logistical, and economical restrictions.

Vaginal Microbiota and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: Development of a Simple Diagnostic Tool to Predict Patients at Risk of a Poor Reproductive Outcome.

Background: Female reproductive tract microbiota may affect human reproduction. The current study considered whether a more detailed characterization of the vaginal microbiota could improve prediction of risk of poor reproductive outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: Vaginal samples from 120 patients undergoing IVF were sequenced using the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene with clustering of Gardnerella vaginalis genomic clades.

ST131 fimH22 Escherichia coli isolate with a blaCMY-2/IncI1/ST12 plasmid obtained from a patient with bloodstream infection: highly similar to E. coli isolates of broiler origin.

Objectives: This study compares the genome of an ST131 CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli isolate from a Danish patient with other ST131 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates of both human and animal origin.

Methods: In 2016, an ST131 CMY-2-producing E.

Sequence Type 410 Is Causing New International High-Risk Clones.

sequence type 410 (ST410) has been reported worldwide as an extraintestinal pathogen associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In the present study, we investigated national epidemiology of ST410 isolates from Danish patients. Furthermore, ST410 was investigated in a global context to provide further insight into the acquisition of the carbapenemase genes and of this successful lineage.