Diversity, functional classification and genotyping of SHV β-lactamases in .

Interpreting the phenotypes of alleles in genomes is complex. Whilst all strains are expected to carry a chromosomal copy conferring resistance to ampicillin, they may also carry mutations in chromosomal alleles or additional plasmid-borne alleles that have extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity and/or β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) resistance activity. In addition, the role of individual mutations/a changes is not completely documented or understood.

Exploring the epidemiology of mcr genes, genetic context and plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae originating from pigs and humans on farms in Thailand.

Objectives: In veterinary medicine, colistin has been widely used as therapeutic and prophylactic agent, and for growth promotion. However, colistin has been re-introduced into treatment of human MDR bacterial infections. We assessed the characteristics and spread of plasmid-borne colistin resistance among healthy pigs, workers with animal-contact and their household members in Thailand.

Highly conserved composite transposon harbouring aerobactin in from pigs.

is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with severe invasive disease in humans. Hypervirulent , which are with several acquired virulence determinants such as the siderophore aerobactin and others, are more prominent in countries in South and South-East Asia compared to European countries. This pathotype is capable of causing liver abscesses in immunocompetent persons in the community.

Genome-associations of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing (ESBL) or AmpC producing E. coli in small and medium pig farms from Khon Kaen province, Thailand.

Thailand is undergoing rapid intensification of livestock production where small subsistence farms and medium sized commercial farms coexist. In medium farms, antimicrobials are prescribed by a veterinarian, whereas in small farms antimicrobial use remains largely unsupervised. The impact of these differences as well as other farming practices on the emergence and composition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) remains largely unknown.

CReSIL: accurate identification of extrachromosomal circular DNA from long-read sequences.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) of chromosomal origin is found in many eukaryotic species and cell types, including cancer, where eccDNAs with oncogenes drive tumorigenesis. Most studies of eccDNA employ short-read sequencing for their identification. However, short-read sequencing cannot resolve the complexity of genomic repeats, which can lead to missing eccDNA products.

Exploring in Healthy Poultry Reveals High Genetic Diversity, Good Biofilm-Forming Abilities and Higher Prevalence in Turkeys Than Broilers.

is a well-studied human pathogen for which antimicrobial resistant and hypervirulent clones have emerged globally. is also present in a variety of environmental niches, but currently there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence and characteristics of from non-human sources. Certain environmental niches, e.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health.

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective.

Antibiotics are freqeuently used in the livestock sector in low- and middle-income countries for treatment, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. However, there is limited information into the zoonotic prevalence and dissemination patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these environments. In this study we used pig farming in Thailand as a model to explore AMR; 156 pig farms were included, comprising of small-sized (<50 sows) and medium-sized (≥100 sows) farms, where bacterial isolates were selectively cultured from animal rectal and human fecal samples.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from pigs and humans in farms in Thailand: population genomic structure, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Objectives: To define characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (hereafter KP) isolates from healthy pigs, farm workers and their household members in Thailand.

Methods: A total of 839 individual rectal swabs from pigs on 164 farms and 271 faecal samples of humans working on pig farms and persons living in the same household in Khon Kaen, Thailand were screened for gut colonization by KP. Genomic sequences were investigated for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Comparative genomics of two Shewanella xiamenensis strains isolated from a pilgrim before and during travels to the Hajj.

Background: Shewanella xiamenensis has been reported in water environment and in patients and can act as the originator of oxacillinase in gram-negative bacteria. In order to assess genome plasticity and its functional properties related diarrhea symptoms in pilgrim, comparisons of draft genome sequences of the two isolates were conducted with other closely related genomes.

Results: We isolated S.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification.

The overall aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that (i) antibiotic resistance in bacteria were more frequent in clinically health pigs in intensified company owned, medium-scale farms (MSFs) (100-500 sows) than in pigs in family-owned, small-scale farms (SSFs) (1-50 sows) and (ii) that farmers working at the MSFs were more prone to attain antibiotic resistant bacteria than farmers working at SSFs. The study was conducted in North-Eastern Thailand, comprising fecal isolates from pigs, farmers working with the pigs (contact humans) and persons living in the same household as the farmer (non-contact humans) at 51 MSFs and 113 SSFs. Samples from all farms were also screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was not detected in pig samples, but was found in one human sample.

/IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

carrying mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was recently described as a new genotype in Norwegian broiler production. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates ( = 31) in order to determine whether the emergence of the genotype was caused by clonal expansion or horizontal dissemination of -carrying plasmids. All included isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing.

Investigation of urban birds as source of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Marseille city, France.

Background: We investigate here the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from stool samples of yellow-legged gulls and chickens (n = 136) in urban parks and beaches of Marseille, France. Bacterial isolation was performed on selective media, including MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone and LBJMR medium. Antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (i.

Characterisation of bla, a new variant of bla, in Shewanella xiamenensis isolated from river water in Algeria.

Objectives: In this study, the presence of carbapenemase genes in Shewanella xiamenensis strains isolated from river water in Béjaïa, Algeria, was investigated.

Methods: Four isolates of S. xiamenensis were isolated from water from Soummam River.

LBJMR medium: a new polyvalent culture medium for isolating and selecting vancomycin and colistin-resistant bacteria.

Background: Multi-drug resistant bacteria are a phenomenon which is on the increase around the world, particularly with the emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains. The recent discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance with the description of the transferable mcr-1 gene raised concerns about the need for an efficient detection method for these pathogens, to isolate infected patients as early as possible. The LBJMR medium was developed to screen for all polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including mcr-1 positive isolates, and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

Emergence of drug resistant bacteria at the Hajj: A systematic review.

Background: Hajj is the annual mass gathering of Muslims, and is a reservoir and potential source of bacterial transmission. The emergence of bacterial transmission, including multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacteria, during Hajj has not been systematically assessed.

Methods: Articles in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google scholar were identified using controlled words relating to antibiotic resistance (AR) at the Hajj from January 2002 to January 2017.

Risk factors for acquisition of CTX-M genes in pilgrims during Hajj 2013 and 2014.

Background: Mass gatherings, especially the Hajj pilgrimage, provide favourable conditions for bacterial transmission among participants, which might contribute to the international spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E).

Objectives: We conducted an analysis aimed at investigating risk factors for CTX-M gene (blaCTX-M) rectal carriage in 2013 and 2014 Hajj pilgrims.

Methods: A total of 218 pilgrims provided paired pre- and post-Hajj rectal samples (2013, 129 pilgrims; 2014, 89 pilgrims).

Characterization of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from river water in Algeria.

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a significant problem for healthcare worldwide. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in water environments in Algeria are unknown. The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of CPE isolates in the Soummam River in Bejaia, Algeria.

Deciphering Heteroresistance to Colistin in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate from Marseille, France.

Here, we report the description of a colistin-heteroresistant isolate fortuitously isolated from the stool sample of a patient with suspicion of tuberculosis in a public hospital of Marseille, France. In the colistin-resistant subpopulation, a mutation in the gene leading to a premature stop codon was found, and the hypermucoviscous phenotype was lost. Susceptibility to other antibiotics remained unchanged.