Identifying Rural Hotspots for Head and Neck Cancer Using the Bayesian Mapping Approach.

: The Bayesian mapping approach has not been used to identify head and neck cancer hotspots in Australia previously. This study aims to identify rural communities at risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) for targeted prevention programs. : This study included data from 23,853 cases recorded in the Queensland Cancer Register between 1982 and 2018.

The role of pubertal development in the association between trauma and internalising symptoms in female youth.

Background: Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with an increased risk for internalising symptoms. Alterations in pubertal development has been proposed as a potential mechanism underpinning this association. However, longitudinal studies, which are needed to examine pubertal development over time, are scarce.

Information needs in vascular access decision-making: A qualitative study of patient and clinical stakeholder perspectives.

Background: The information and decision support needs required to embed a patient-centred strategy are challenging, as several haemodialysis vascular access strategies are possible with significant differences in short- and long-term outcomes of potential treatment options. We aimed to explore and describe stakeholder perspectives on information needs when making decisions about vascular access (VA) for haemodialysis.

Methods: We performed thematic analysis of seven (six online, one in person) focus group discussions including transcripts, post-it phrases and text responses with 14 patients and 12 vascular access professionals (four nephrologists, three surgeons and five nurses - Vascular access nurse specialists/Education and dialysis nurses) who participated in at total of six online and one in person focus group.

Exploring childbirth experiences through a Salutogenic lens.

Women's experiences of childbirth have generally been considered through a pathological lens. Wider sociological arguments associated with salutogenesis stress the need to depict health on a continuum to help understand what constitutes positive health as well as ill-health. Similarly, to fully understand women's experiences of childbirth, it needs to be explored on a continuum, considering salutogenic and pathogenic factors.

Connectome-based symptom mapping and related gene expression in children with autism and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Clinical, neuroimaging and genomics evidence have increasingly underscored a degree of overlap between autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study explores the specific contribution of their core symptoms to shared biology in a sample of N=166 verbal children (6-12 years) with rigorously-established primary diagnoses of either autism or ADHD (without autism). We investigated the associations between inter-individual differences in clinician-based dimensional measures of autism and ADHD symptoms and whole-brain low motion intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC).

Impact of arteriovenous fistula formation on trajectory of kidney function decline: a target trial emulation.

Background: Prior nonrandomized studies have suggested nephroprotective effects of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation, but these are plausibly susceptible to immortal time and selection biases.

Methods: We studied patients attending nephrology clinics in the West of Scotland during 2010-22 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤15 mL/min/1.73 m and no prior AVF.

Preliminary Functional Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Colic Horses.

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining horse health, influencing digestion, immunity, and overall well-being. However, in certain conditions like colic, there is evidence of significant alterations in the microbial community. To analyze the composition of the fecal microbiome and the enriched predicted metabolic functions of horses with colic compared to a control group, 14 horses with colic and 14 control horses were recruited.

Delineating a Pathway for the Discovery of Functional Connectome Biomarkers of Autism.

The promise of individually tailored care for autism has driven efforts to establish biomarkers. This chapter appraises the state of precision-medicine research focused on biomarkers based on the functional brain connectome. This work is grounded on abundant evidence supporting the brain dysconnection model of autism and the advantages of resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) for studying the brain in vivo.

Dermatophytosis caused by in a sea lion. First report.

Fungal infections in marine animals, particularly pinnipeds, have seen a notable increase, often linked to compromised immune systems in captive environments. species, while common in terrestrial mammals, have sporadically caused dermatophytosis in pinnipeds. A South American sea lion () presented with infection, marking the first such case in this species.

Developmental patterns of inhibition and fronto-basal-ganglia white matter organisation in healthy children and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

There is robust evidence implicating inhibitory deficits as a fundamental behavioural phenotype in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, prior studies have not directly investigated the role in which white matter properties within the fronto-basal-ganglia circuit may play in the development of inhibitory control deficits in this group. Combining recent advancements in brain-behavioural modelling, we mapped the development of stop-signal task (SST) performance and fronto-basal-ganglia maturation in a longitudinal sample of children aged 9-14 with and without ADHD.

The impact of rainfall on beef cattle growth across diverse climate zones.

Genetics, animal husbandry, and the feedbase all impact cattle growth. Australia's cattle feedbase covers 40% of the continent and encompasses diverse climates and landscapes, making stocking rate decisions challenging. Of the factors contributing to climate change, rainfall is a primary determinant of feedbase growth and, with this, cattle growth.

Selective HLA Class II Allele-Restricted Activation of Atabecestat Metabolite-Specific Human T-Cells.

Elevations in hepatic enzymes were detected in several trial patients exposed to the Alzheimer's drug atabecestat, which resulted in termination of the drug development program. Characterization of hepatic T-lymphocyte infiltrates and diaminothiazine (DIAT) metabolite-responsive, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-restricted, CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the blood of patients confirmed an immune pathogenesis. Patients with immune-mediated liver injury expressed a restricted panel of HLA-DRB1 alleles including HLA-DRB1*12:01, HLA-DRB1*13:02, and HLA-DRB1*15:01.

What are the reported procedural costs of vascular access surgery?

Introduction: Since the inception of arteriovenous grafts (AVG) as a novel technique, there has been greater emphasis on the assessment of outcomes rather than costs. Gross-costing methods over-simplify vascular access surgery and do not reflect the true costs of the service, preventing accurate cost-effectiveness analysis. The aim of this study is to assess the reporting of procedural costs of arteriovenous access creation in economic analyses of vascular access surgery, and to compare the reported costs of the two most performed procedures - arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG).

A Review and Meta-Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction in Commercial Shrimp Breeding.

(1) Background: Genotype-by-environment interaction (G×E) can adversely impact genetic improvement programs. The presence of G×E is mainly measured as the genetic correlation between the same trait measured in different environments where departure from unity can be taken as presence of G×E. (2) Methods: To understand the extent of G×E in shrimp production, a review and meta-analysis was conducted using the results from 32 peer-reviewed studies.

Milk consumption and behavior of calves in automated calf feeders as early indicators of weaning liveweight.

Modern intensive dairy farming relies on data to aid and prioritize management decisions made on farm. Decisions made early in an animal's life can have lasting effects on welfare, productivity, longevity, and profitability. Precision technology such as automated calf feeders (ACF) allow the customization of feeding programs, but despite this, weaning weights (WWT) vary substantially between calves.

Influence of Rurality on Oral Cancer Trends among Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Member Countries-A Scoping Review.

Oral cancer is the general term used to describe cancers of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal region. These cancers are one of the leading causes of death in elderly residents within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries in the 21st century. This scoping review was carried out to assess the influence of rurality on oral cancer trends and patterns among OECD member countries.

Physiological and communicative emotional disconcordance in children on the autism spectrum.

Background: Individuals on the autism spectrum commonly have differences from non-autistic people in expressing their emotions using communicative behaviors, such as facial expressions. However, it is not yet clear if this reduced expressivity stems from reduced physiological reactivity in emotional contexts or if individuals react internally, but do not show these reactions externally to others. We hypothesized that autism is characterized by a discordance between in-the-moment internal psychophysiological arousal and external communicative expressions of emotion.

Risk and Protective Factors in Dancers Exposed to Trauma.

Purpose: This study examined risk and protective factors in dancers with/without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with/without trauma exposure.

Literature Review: Exposure to traumatic events and developing PTSD can compromise daily functioning and performance ability. Despite exposure many dancers adapt, whereas others suffer psychopathology such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and difficulties regulating emotions.

Review: Ruminant heat-stress terminology.

With increasing climate variability, there is a rise in the exposure to, and incidence of, ruminant heat stress (HS), increasing the requirement for focused research. As such, precise terminology is crucial to maintain effective communication and knowledge advancement. Despite this, several key terms are currently defined inconsistently, leading to confusion and misinterpretation.

"I Cannot Tell Anyone:" There are Many Reasons.

: The purpose of this study was to investigate variables associated with difficulty disclosing past trauma. Across several prevalence studies, 26% of adults never disclosed childhood abuse until adulthood when they were asked in a research survey or interview question. In this Institutional Review Board approved study, group differences were examined (ability and inability to disclose a traumatic event) as well as predictors for difficulty disclosing past trauma.

The Impact of Abrupt and Fenceline-Weaning Methods on Cattle Stress Response, Live Weight Gain, and Behaviour.

The impact of abrupt (AB) and fenceline (FL) weaning methods on cattle stress response, live weight gain, and behaviour were determined across 14 days. Thirty-two cow-calf pairs were fitted with ear tag sensors (to continuously record behaviour) and allocated to two weaning treatments. After separation, FL calves were maintained in a pen adjacent to the FL cow paddock.

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving frontline chemoimmunotherapy.

Immune responses to primary COVID-19 vaccination were investigated in 58 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) as part of the PETReA trial of frontline therapy (EudraCT 2016-004010-10). COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) were administered before, during or after cytoreductive treatment comprising rituximab (depletes B cells) and either bendamustine (depletes CD4 T cells) or cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Blood samples obtained after vaccine doses 1 and 2 (V1, V2) were analysed for antibodies and T cells reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the Abbott Architect and interferon-gamma ELISpot assays respectively.

A shifting role of thalamocortical connectivity in the emergence of cortical functional organization.

The cortical patterning principle has been a long-standing question in neuroscience, yet how this translates to macroscale functional specialization in the human brain remains largely unknown. Here we examine age-dependent differences in resting-state thalamocortical connectivity to investigate its role in the emergence of large-scale functional networks during early life, using a primarily cross-sectional but also longitudinal approach. We show that thalamocortical connectivity during infancy reflects an early differentiation of sensorimotor networks and genetically influenced axonal projection.