Acute Effects of Exercise on Risk-Taking: Different Responses in Males and Females.

In recent years there has been great interest in the effects of exercise on cognition, but few have investigated whether physical activity influences risk-taking. : To investigate the effects of acute moderate to vigorous exercise on risky decision-making. : Healthy (free of psychological or neurological conditions), recreationally active males and females ( = 20, 50% females, mean age = 22.

Consent in forefoot surgery; What does it mean to the patient?

Aims: This study aimed to assess patient risk recall and find risk thresholds for patients undergoing elective forefoot procedures.

Methods: Patients were interviewed in the pre-assessment clinic (PAC) or on day of surgery (DOS); some in both settings. A standardised questionnaire was used for all interviews, regardless of setting.

Development and Evaluation of an Accelerometer-Based Protocol for Measuring Physical Activity Levels in Cancer Survivors: Development and Usability Study.

Background: The collection of self-reported physical activity using validated questionnaires has known bias and measurement error.

Objective: Accelerometry, an objective measure of daily activity, increases the rigor and accuracy of physical activity measurements. Here, we describe the methodology and related protocols for accelerometry data collection and quality assurance using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer data collection in a convenience sample of ovarian cancer survivors enrolled in GOG/NRG 0225, a 24-month randomized controlled trial of diet and physical activity intervention versus attention control.

Healthy behaviors are associated with positive outcomes for cancer survivors with ostomies: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cancer survivors (CS) with ostomies may face challenges in sustaining physical activity (PA) levels and maintaining healthy diets. This analysis describes lifestyle behaviors and their relationships with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in CS with ostomies.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a multisite randomized self-management education trial for CS with ostomies.

Quantitative Pectoralis Muscle Area is Associated with the Development of Lung Cancer in a Large Lung Cancer Screening Cohort.

Background: Studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of developing lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating baseline quantitative computed tomography (CT) measurements of body composition, specifically muscle and fat area in a large CT lung screening cohort (CTLS). We hypothesized that quantitative measurements of baseline body composition may aid in risk stratification for lung cancer.

"He's Back so I'm Not Alone": The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on Personality, Self, and Relationships in Parkinson's Disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease successfully alleviates motor symptoms, but unanticipated changes in personality, self, and relationships can occur. Little is known about how these nonmotor outcomes affect patients and families. We prospectively examined the experience and meaning of DBS-related changes in personality and self for patients and caregivers.

Thrombosis of a Percutaneous Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implant and Its Treatment.

Bioprosthetic heart valves do not usually require formal anticoagulation as they are less thrombogenic than their mechanical counterparts. However, valve thrombosis has been reported after both transcatheter and surgical aortic bioprosthesis implantation. Short-term anticoagulation after surgical bioprosthesis implantation is often recommended while endothelialisation of the prosthesis takes place, particularly for mitral valve implants.

Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial.

Background: Over 23 million Americans have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eating habits such as breakfast consumption, time-restricted eating, and limiting daily eating occasions have been explored as behaviors for reducing T2D risk, but prior evidence is inconclusive.

Objectives: Our objectives were to examine associations between number of daily eating occasions and T2D risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (WHI-DM) and whether associations vary by BMI, age, or race/ethnicity.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage in a dog with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis.

Case Description: An 8-year-old 36.3-kg (79.9-lb) spayed female Rottweiler was evaluated because of anorexia and vomiting.

Interventions to increase uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in minority populations: A systematic review.

Minority youth represent a unique population for public health interventions given the social, economic, and cultural barriers they often face in accessing health services. Interventions to increase uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in minority youth have the potential to reduce disparities in HPV infection and HPV-related cancers. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of interventions to increase HPV vaccine uptake, measured as vaccine series initiation and series completion, among adolescents and young adults, aged 9-26 years old, identifying as a racial and ethnic minority or sexual and gender minority (SGM) group in high-income countries.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors.

The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements.

A prospective analysis of micronutrient status in quiescent inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: ESPEN guidelines advocate patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have their micronutrient levels checked regularly. This study described the micronutrient status of patients with quiescent IBD and explores whether biochemical micronutrient deficiencies related to time to subsequent disease relapse.

Methods: Sixteen micronutrients were measured prospectively in blood of patients with IBD in clinical remission [Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) ≤4 in Crohn's disease (CD) and a partial Mayo score <2 in ulcerative colitis (UC)].

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and reflects the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS guideline focuses on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a neurological association in severe Covid-19.

• PRES is potentially a complication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Consider PRES in COVID-19 patients with altered mentation. • Consider tight blood pressure control in ventilated patients with COVID-19.

Understanding the association between parental attitudes and the practice of female genital mutilation among daughters.

Female genital mutilation is a harmful traditional practice that violates girls' right to health and overall well-being. Most research cites social acceptance, marriageability, community belonging, proof of virginity, curbing promiscuity, hygiene, and religion as motivations for the practice. It is generally assumed that individual attitudes of parents and other family members have an impact on decisions related to the cutting of girls, and that such attitudes are influenced by social norms.

Clinical findings and outcomes of 153 dogs surgically treated for intestinal intussusceptions.

Objective: To describe perioperative characteristics and outcomes of dogs surgically treated for intestinal intussusception.

Study Design: Multi-institutional, retrospective study.

Animals: One hundred fifty-three client-owned dogs with intestinal intussusception.

Higher quality quit-date goal setting enhances quit attempts among quitline callers.

Introduction: At tobacco quitlines, coaching and cessation medications are commonly structured around setting a date for making a quit attempt. However, limited literature evaluating this practice suggests that callers do not routinely set quit-date goals. High quality goal setting may increase the frequency of caller quit attempts.

Evaluation of cell-free DNA as a diagnostic marker in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs.

Objective: To determine whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was detectable in CSF samples from dogs, whether CSF sample volume impacted CSF cfDNA concentration measurement, and whether CSF cfDNA concentration was associated with CNS disease category or CSF RBC count (RBCC), nucleated cell count (NCC), or protein concentration, which could aid in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases in dogs.

Sample: 80 CSF samples collected from dogs with (n = 60) and without (20) clinical neurologic disease between February 2017 and May 2018.

Procedures: Results for CSF RBCC, NCC, protein concentration, and cfDNA concentration were compared across CSF groups established on the basis of whether they were obtained from dogs with (case groups) or without (control group) clinical signs of neurologic disease In addition, 5 paired CSF samples representing large (3.

Vulnerability in human research.

The conduct of prior ethics review of human research projects helps to protect vulnerable groups or populations from potential negative impacts of research. Contemporary considerations in human research considers the concept of vulnerability in terms of access to research opportunities, impacts on the consenting process, selection bias, and the generalisability of results. Recent work questions the validity of using enumerated lists as a check box approach to protect research participants from exploitation.