Pyelorenal backflow in normal and ischemic rabbit kidneys.

Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography was studied in 68 kidneys of anesthetized rabbits. Thirty-three of the experiments were performed during or shortly after temporary renal arterial clamping. Pyelosinous backflow was observed in 67 and pyelovenous backflow in 65 of the 68 kidneys, occurring at an average intrapelvic pressure of 70 mmHg.

Device and methods for the measurement of energy transfer in experiments involving thermal and electrical injuries of skin.

This work is part of a larger investigation aiming at tracing differences between injuries caused by heat and electricity. Electrodes and heaters similar to the electrodes of an electric cattle baton are used to dissipate approximately 40 joules in 40 seconds in pig skin. Voltages in the range 40-60 volts (AC or DC) are applied via stainless steel electrodes and temperatures in the range 50-100 degrees C are applied via heaters made of copper wire.

Early epidermal changes in heat- and electrically injured pig skin. II. An electron microscopic study.

In order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture, pig skin was exposed to heat and electricity under controlled circumstances. Biopsies for electron microscopy were obtained immediately after exposure. In heat lesions the nuclei were slightly distorted, sometimes with broken nuclear membranes.

Early epidermal changes in heat- and electrically injured pig skin. I. A light microscopic study.

In order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture, pig skin was exposed to heat and electricity under controlled circumstances. Biopsies were obtained immediately after exposure and the morphology of the heat lesions was compared to that of electrical lesions. The cytoplasm of epidermal cells in heat lesions appeared granular or fibrillar, while the nuclei were rather unaffected.

Diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome. Reliability of the caloric restriction and phenobarbital stimulation tests.

The diagnostic role of the reduced caloric intake test and phenobarbitone treatment in Gilbert's syndrome was evaluated. During fasting the increase in unconjugated serum bilirubin concentration was significantly higher in patients with Gilbert's syndrome than in normal subjects but not when compared with the increase observed in patients with acute hepatitis, which is the clinically most relevant differential diagnosis. Phenobarbital treatment significantly reduced the level of unconjugated serum bilirubin in patients with acute hepatitis or Gilbert's syndrome, but without any difference within these two groups of patients.

Volume of polycystic kidneys during reduction of renal function.

Total renal volume was measured by CT scanning in 43 patients with the adult form of polycystic kidney disease whose 24h endogenous creatinine clearance ranged from 8 to 130 ml/min. The total volume of the 2 kidneys increased from 1,212 (SD +/- 411) cm3 in patients with normal renal function to 2,053 (SD +/-698) cm3 in patients with severely decreased function, as compared to 497 (SD +/- 58) cm3 in persons without evidence of renal disease. Despite progression of the disease, the mean difference in size between the 2 kidneys remained constant and was significant only in patients with well-preserved renal function.

Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography in adult patients.

In a consecutive series of 103 retrograde pyelographies in adult patients suspect of disease in the upper urinary tract, the overall incidence of pyelorenal backflow was 18%. Pyelosinous backflow--seen in 11%--was much more frequent in kidneys with obstructed ureter (20%) than in non-obstructed kidneys (3%). Intrarenal backflow, so far regarded as a rare form of backflow, was almost as frequent as pyelosinous backflow.

Ultrastructure of the aortic intima in focal areas of intravital Evans blue uptake in the rabbit.

Ultrastructural morphology of the rabbit aortic intima is described for areas demarcated or not demarcated by spontaneous in vivo uptake of the azo dye Evans Blue. Intimal foci taking up Evans Blue are characterized by endothelial and subendothelial cells showing various degrees of degenerative changes, appearance of young cells and subendothelial fibromuscular thickening. It is concluded that dye uptake is a marker for regions subjected to hemodynamic "stress' due to turbulence or increased flow load, and that the morphologic changes in normal animals are part of appropriate regeneration processes which keep the artery functionally intact.

Electrical and thermal injuries in pig skin--evaluated and compared by light microscopy.

The morphology of pig skin after electrical (el) and thermal exposure was studied in order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture. Biopsies from pig skin exposed 24 hours earlier to either heat or electrical current under general anesthesia were studied by light microscopy. The amount of energy used of either type ranged from about 6 to about 100 joule deposited on two circular areas of the skin measuring 12 mm in diameter.

Effect of carbon monoxide exposure on aortic and coronary intimal morphology in the rabbit. A revaluation.

Non-cholesterol-fed rabbits were exposed to carbon monoxide at concentrations in air of either 200, 2000, or 4000 parts per million (=0.02, 0.2 or 0.

Pyelorenal backflow during retrograde pyelography after renal transplantation.

Retrograde pyelography in 140 transplanted kidneys within 3 days of the operation showed a high frequency (29%) of pyelorenal backflow. Pyelotubular backflow, ordinarily a rare form of backflow, was seen in one-third of the patients whose transplants were removed within 60 days because of rejection, but in only 4% of the patients with surviving grafts. Pyelosinus backflow was found in 61% of the patients with signs of urinary obstruction, but in only 9% of the other patients.

Thrombogenic properties of arterial catheters: a scanning electron microscopic examination of the surface structure.

We performed 300 consecutive coronary arteriographies with 2 different kinds of catheters: polyurethane catheters and polyethylene catheters. The thromboembolic complication rate for investigations with each type of catheters is compared to the surface structure as seen with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The complication rate was 21.

Individual determination of glomerular filtration rate from plasma creatinine.

A method for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the individual patient from plasma creatinine concentration only is presented. By this method the urinary excretion rate of creatinine (u) in the individual patient is determined indirectly from a simultaneous determination of GFR (measured without urine collection from the total [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance) and plasma concentration of creatinine (p) according to the equation u =p(0.968GFR + 4.

Aortic intimal injury in rabbits. An evaluation of a threshold limit.

Sixty-one rabbits were exposed to carbon monoxide, and aortae were then examined by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The CO concentration in ambient air and the exposure time were varied to estimate the threshold limit for CO-induced focal intimal edema. A significantly higher incidence (P less than .