The Colonic Vitamin D Receptor and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: No Correlation to Histologic or Endoscopic Inflammation.

The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly described. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical VDR expression and IBD activity. The immunohistochemical expression of VDR was analysed in biopsies from active and inactive IBD in 28 patients (ulcerative colitis: 21, Crohn's disease: 7) and 12 non-IBD controls.

Multi-omics architecture of childhood obesity and metabolic dysfunction uncovers biological pathways and prenatal determinants.

Childhood obesity poses a significant public health challenge, yet the molecular intricacies underlying its pathobiology remain elusive. Leveraging extensive multi-omics profiling (methylome, miRNome, transcriptome, proteins and metabolites) and a rich phenotypic characterization across two parts of Europe within the population-based Human Early Life Exposome project, we unravel the molecular landscape of childhood obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. Our integrative analysis uncovers three clusters of children defined by specific multi-omics profiles, one of which characterized not only by higher adiposity but also by a high degree of metabolic complications.

Poststroke Translocator Protein Expression Dynamics and Correlations to Chronic Infarction: A -CLINDE-SPECT Study.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in translocator protein (TSPO) following stroke in different brain regions and potential associations with chronic brain infarction.

Methods: Twelve patients underwent SPECT using the TSPO tracer 6-Chloro-2-(4'-123I-Iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-Diethyl)-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-Acetamide, as well as structural MRI, at 10, 41, and 128 days (median) after ischemic infarction in the middle cerebral artery. TSPO expression was measured in lesional (MRI lesion and SPECT lesion), connected (pons and ipsilesional thalamus), and nonconnected (ipsilesional cerebellum and contralesional occipital cortex) regions.

Developing an AI-Based clinical decision support system for basal insulin titration in type 2 diabetes in primary Care: A Mixed-Methods evaluation using heuristic Analysis, user Feedback, and eye tracking.

Background And Aim: The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes often, in time, necessitates basal insulin therapy to achieve glycemic targets. However, despite standardized titration algorithms, many people remain poorly controlled after initiating insulin therapy, leading to suboptimal glycemic control and complications. Both healthcare professionals and people with type 2 diabetes have expressed the need for novel tools to aid in this process.

Modeling the fasting blood glucose response to basal insulin adjustment in type 2 diabetes: An explainable machine learning approach on real-world data.

Introduction: Optimal basal insulin titration for people with type 2 diabetes is vital to effectively reducing the risk of complications. However, a sizeable proportion of people (30-50 %) remain in suboptimal glycemic control six months post-initiation of basal insulin. This indicates a clear need for novel titration methods that account for individual patient variability in real-world settings.

Physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors: the Pathways Study.

Background: Breast cancer survivors experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than women without breast cancer, due in part to cardiotoxic cancer treatments and shared lifestyle risk factors. Physical activity is associated with lower mortality risk in breast cancer survivors, but associations with CVD have not been examined in detail.

Methods: The Pathways Study is a prospective cohort study of 4504 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2005 and 2013.

Early-life exposures to phenols, parabens and phthalates and fat mass at 3 years of age in the SEPAGES cohort.

Background: Early-life exposure to short half-life chemicals may influence adiposity growth, a precursor to obesity. Previous studies often relied on limited urine samples that inadequately represent exposure during pregnancy or infancy. Additionally, childhood adiposity is commonly estimated using body mass index, which does not accurately reflect body composition.

Childhood exposure to non-persistent endocrine disruptors, glucocorticosteroids, and attentional function: A cross-sectional study based on the parametric g-formula.

Background: Evidence suggests that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may perturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which has a major role in brain development. We aimed to evaluate the effects of childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides, phenols, and phthalate metabolites, on urinary glucocorticosteroids and inattention in childhood.

Methods: We used data from the Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX) cohort (2013-2016) and the parametric g-formula to estimate associations between EDCs, glucocorticosteroids, and hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE), a measure of inattention, and tested for possible effect modification by sex.

The intelligent diabetes telemonitoring using decision support to treat patients on insulin therapy (DiaTRUST) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Diabetes affects 10.5% of adults globally, with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90-95% of cases. Achieving optimal glycemic control is crucial yet challenging, particularly with insulin therapy, where 30-50% of patients fail to meet treatment targets.

Estimated human intake of endogenous and exogenous hormones from beef in the United States.

Background: Endogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects.

Objective: To estimate daily intake of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) from beef consumed by the US population.

Associations between pre- and post-natal exposure to phthalate and DINCH metabolites and gut microbiota in one-year old children.

The gut microbiota is a collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Its sensitivity to chemicals with widespread exposure, such as phthalates, is little known. We aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal exposure to phthalates on the infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age.

Peripherally restricted PICK1 inhibitor mPD5 ameliorates pain behaviors in murine inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

Chronic pain is a complex, debilitating, and escalating health problem worldwide, impacting 1 in 5 adults. Current treatment is compromised by dose-limiting side effects, including high abuse liability, loss of ability to function socially and professionally, fatigue, drowsiness, and apathy. PICK1 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of chronic pain conditions.

Recommendations for strain elastography of the uterine cervix.

Purpose: Conventional vaginal strain ultrasound elastography, not based on shear-wave elastography imaging, can assess the biomechanical properties of the uterine cervix. This assessment may inform the risks of preterm birth and failed induction of labor. However, there is considerable variation in the approaches to strain elastography, including the placement of the region of interest (ROI).

Intelligent Diabetes Telemonitoring for Patients on Insulin Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial investigating telemonitoring with decision support in insulin-treated people with type 2 diabetes.

Development of a Basal Insulin Titration System to Support Healthcare Providers in Treatment of People with Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Results.

The study aims to develop a system for insulin titration in type 2 diabetes to assist primary healthcare providers. Usability testing with end-users is ongoing.

Perinatal Exposure to Phenols and Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Gut Microbiota in One-Year-Old Children.

The role of the gut microbiota in human health calls for a better understanding of its determinants. In particular, the possible effects of chemicals with widespread exposure other than pharmaceuticals are little known. Our aim was to characterize the sensitivity of the early-life gut microbiota to specific chemicals with possible antimicrobial action.

Low levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detected in drinking water in Norway, but elevated concentrations found near known sources.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous contaminants which are also found in drinking water. Concentration levels in drinking water vary widely and range from a very low contribution to total daily exposure for humans to being the major source of uptake of PFAS. PFAS concentrations in Norwegian drinking water has been rarely reported.

Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with pubertal development in three European cohorts.

Background: There is limited epidemiological evidence on the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with altered pubertal timing.

Objective: To examine the association of prenatal exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, benzophenone 3 (BP-3), and triclosan (TCS) with pubertal development in girls and boys from three European cohorts.

Methods: Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP), BPA, methyl- (MePB), ethyl- (EtPB), propyl- (PrPB), and butyl-paraben (BuPB), BP-3, and TCS were quantified in one or two (1st and 3rd trimester) urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999-2008) from mothers in three birth cohorts: INMA (Spain), EDEN (France), and MoBa (Norway).