A qualitative analysis of internal medicine residents' experience with substance use disorder education and training: a pilot study.

Background: Lack of education and training on caring for patients with substance use disorder (SUD) is common among healthcare providers, often resulting in clinicians feeling unprepared to treat patients with SUD.

Objectives: This study explored resident physicians' experiences with SUD education throughout medical school and residency and qualitatively evaluated whether a SUD initiative improved resident's knowledge and efficacy of treating various SUDs.

Methods: We implemented a brief (seven hours total) educational initiative focused on treating SUDs virtually over the course of an academic year for residents enrolled in the University of Southern California Internal Medicine Residency program.

Preferences for pharmacogenomic testing in polypharmacy patients: a discrete choice experiment.

To elicit preferences for pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in polypharmacy patients. A face-to-face discrete choice experiment survey was designed and administered to adult polypharmacy patients recruited at a local retail pharmacy in Albuquerque (NM, USA). A total of 128 eligible polypharmacy patients completed the discrete choice experiment survey and significantly preferred a PGx test with lower cost, better confidentiality and higher certainty of identifying best medication/dose and side effects and one that can be used to advocate for their treatment needs (all p < 0.

Effectiveness of a care bundle for primary prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in high-risk neonates: a Bayesian analysis.

Objective: To determine whether an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) prevention bundle featuring midline-elevated positioning reduced IVH among high-risk infants.

Study Design: In a retrospective study design, we compared outcomes of infants <1250 grams birth weight or <30 weeks gestation before (N = 205) and after (N = 360) implementation of an IVH prevention bundle, using Bayesian and frequentist logistic regression to determine whether the intervention decreased any grade IVH.

Results: In both the Bayesian and frequentist analyses, there was no difference in odds of any grade IVH before and after the implementation of the prevention bundle (OR 0.

Tachygastria in Preterm Infants: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objectives: Tachygastria is a gastric dysrhythmia (>4 to ≤9 cycles per minute, cpm) associated with gastric hypomotility and gastrointestinal disorders. Healthy preterm infants spend more time in tachygastria than adults; however, normative values are not defined. We sought to determine the percent of time preterm infants spend in tachygastria.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Control Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population : A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.

Background: To what extent the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures influenced mental health in the general population is still unclear.

Purpose: To assess the trajectory of mental health symptoms during the first year of the pandemic and examine dose-response relations with characteristics of the pandemic and its containment.

Data Sources: Relevant articles were identified from the living evidence database of the COVID-19 Open Access Project, which indexes COVID-19-related publications from MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, and PsycInfo.

Variability and efficacy in treatment effects on manic symptoms with lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics in acute bipolar mania: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute mania is a psychiatric emergency requiring rapid management. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown considerable individual differences in treatment effects on manic symptoms with antimanic drugs.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.

Timing of antipsychotics and benzodiazepine initiation during a first episode of psychosis impacts clinical outcomes: Electronic health record cohort study.

The impact of timing of antipsychotics and benzodiazepine treatment during a first episode of psychosis on clinical outcomes is unknown. We present a RECORD-compliant electronic health record cohort study including patients ( = 4,483, aged 14-35) with a primary diagnosis of any non-organic ICD-10 first episode of psychosis at SLAM-NHS between 2007 and 2017. The impact of antipsychotic timing (prescription > 1 week after a first episode of psychosis) was assessed on the primary outcome (risk of any psychiatric inpatient admission over 6 years), and secondary outcomes (cumulative duration of any psychiatric/medical/accident/emergency [A&E] admission over 6 years).

Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) results for participants of the eXtraordinarY babies study: Screening, counseling, diagnosis, and discordance.

Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), including 47,XXY, 47,XXX, 47,XYY, and supernumerary variants, occur collectively in approximately one of 500 live births. Clinical phenotypes are highly variable resulting in previous ascertainment rates estimated to be only 10%-25% during a lifetime. Historically, prenatal SCA diagnoses were incidental findings, accounting for ≤10% of cases, with the majority of diagnoses occurring postnatally during evaluations for neurodevelopmental, medical, or infertility concerns.

A rare case of partial skull and brain duplication in a hatchling Alligator mississippiensis.

Errors in development occur in all vertebrates. When severe, these anomalies are lethal and frequently escape attention. In rare cases, animals with profound malformations are born and can provide a glimpse into structures and their respective function that would otherwise go unnoticed.

Variability in procedure volume of physical medicine and rehabilitation residents graduating from 2014 to 2021.

Background: Adequate exposure to commonly performed procedures during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residency is an important issue.

Objective: To assess temporal trends and variabilities in reported procedural volumes, including the number of residents achieving procedure minimum requirements as established by the Accredited Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) PM&R Residency Review Committee.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of PM&R residents graduating from 2013-2014 to 2020-2021.

Protocol for a pragmatic feasibility randomised controlled trial of peer coaching for adults with long-term conditions: PEER CONNECT.

Introduction: Patients with low levels of knowledge, skills and confidence to manage their health and well-being (activation) are more likely to have unmet health needs, delay seeking healthcare and need emergency care. National Health Service England estimates that this may be applicable to 25%-40% of patients with long-term health conditions. Volunteer peer coaching may support people to increase their level of activation.

Observable Symptoms of Anxiety in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: Parent and Caregiver Perspectives.

Caregiver reports, clinical observations, and diagnostic assessments indicate that most individuals with fragile X syndrome experience high levels of chronic anxiety. However, anxiety is a challenging endpoint for outcome measurement in FXS because most individuals cannot reliably report internal emotional or body states. A comprehensive survey of the presence, frequency, and duration of anxiety-related symptoms and questions to elicit open-ended responses was completed by caregivers of 456 individuals with FXS, ages 2-81 years (87 female, 369 male) and 24 female and 2 male FXS self-advocates ages 15-66 years.

Plasma transfusion practices: A multicentre electronic audit.

Background And Objectives: Plasma is often transfused to patients with bleeding or requiring invasive procedures and with abnormal tests of coagulation. Chart audits find half of plasma transfusions unnecessary, resulting in avoidable complications and costs. This multicentre electronic audit was conducted to determine the proportion of plasma transfused without an indication and/or at a sub-therapeutic dose.

Study the forest, not only the trees: Environmental exposures, not genomes, generate most health disparities.

As sequencing and analysis techniques provide increasingly detailed data at a plummeting cost, it is increasingly popular to seek the answers to medical and public health challenges in the DNA sequences of affected populations. This is methodologically attractive in its simplicity, but a genomics-only approach ignores environmentally mediated health disparities, which are well-documented at multiple national and global scales. While genetic differences exist among populations, it is unlikely that these differences overcome social and environmental factors in driving the gap in health outcomes between privileged and oppressed communities.

Compounded Medications and Probiotics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Studies have found that the microflora composition of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis differ from those of healthy individuals. Some findings suggest a decrease in beneficial bacteria populations and an increase in pathogenic bacteria populations or a higher abundance of bacteria overall (known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in these populations). Pharmaceutical compounders are able to formulate medications that are not available commercially that may provide a more targeted therapy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome or ulcerative colitis, or they can provide doses that may otherwise be difficult to achieve with commercially available products.

Causes, circumstances, and potential preventability of cardiac arrest in the young: insights from a state-wide clinical and forensic registry.

Aims: The causes, circumstances, and preventability of young sudden cardiac arrest remain uncertain.

Methods And Results: A prospective state-wide multi-source registry identified all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in 1-50 year olds in Victoria, Australia, from 2019 to 2021. Cases were adjudicated using hospital and forensic records, clinic assessments and interviews of survivors and family members.

Inconsistent discharge diagnoses for young cardiac arrest episodes: insights from a statewide registry.

Background: Administrative coding of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is heterogeneous, with the prevalence of noninformative diagnoses uncertain.

Aim: To characterize the prevalence and type of non-informative diagnoses in a young cardiac arrest population.

Methods: Hospital discharge diagnoses provided to a statewide OHCA registry were characterised as either 'informative' or 'noninformative.

Surgical Benchmarks for ACGME-accredited Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Fellowship Training.

Introduction: Higher case volumes correlate with improved outcomes in total joint arthroplasty surgery. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of adult reconstruction fellowship training on reported case volume in a contemporary cohort of orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education provided case logs for orthopaedic surgery residents and adult reconstructive orthopaedic fellows from 2017 to 2018 to 2020 to 2021.

How do I warm HPC(A) products to maximize cell viability in the setting of cold agglutinin disease?

Background: High titers of cold agglutinins jeopardize the quality of an apheresis product meant for autologous or allogeneic transplant. Management of transplant patients with cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is often experience-based and under reported, yet decisions must be made quickly to optimize product management and patient outcomes. There remains a lack of data quantifying cell recovery and viability when using various warming methodologies.

Supporting students with sex chromosome aneuploidies in educational settings: Results of a nationwide survey.

Children with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are at an increased risk for neurocognitive and behavioral disorders that may interfere with academic success, including early developmental delays, learning disabilities, executive function problems, and social communication deficits. The present national survey aimed to update and extend our understanding of school supports and educational outcomes for students with these increasingly common genetic diagnoses. Parents of children with a diagnosed SCA, birth to 21 years, living in the United States (N = 248), responded to an electronic survey with questions focused on school support plans, academic accommodations, educational therapies, school completion, and perceptions of educator awareness of SCAs.

Examining Psychosocial Correlates of a Home Smoking Ban Among Low-income Smokers: Analysis of Social Support, Unmet Social Needs, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms.

Home smoking bans reduce exposure to second-hand smoke. Understanding how psychosocial factors are related to having a home smoking ban may lead to better interventions for populations less likely to have home smoking bans, including low-income smokers. In this study, we used baseline data from 1,944 participants in a randomized trial of low-income smokers in Missouri to explore psychosocial correlates of a total home smoking ban.