Examining Mental Health and Economic Consequences During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Filipino Residents in Hawai'i: May - Oct 2020.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in rapid and drastic changes to daily lives, posing a threat to residents' mental health and well-being. Filipinos are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and have one of the highest COVID-19 prevalence in Hawai'i. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a rise in mental health concerns, yet little is known about the impact on the mental health of Filipinos in Hawai'i.

Measuring moral distress and moral injury: A systematic review and content analysis of existing scales.

Background: Moral distress (MD) and moral injury (MI) are related constructs describing the negative consequences of morally challenging stressors. Despite growing support for the clinical relevance of these constructs, ongoing challenges regarding measurement quality risk limiting research and clinical advances. This study summarizes the nature, quality, and utility of existing MD and MI scales, and provides recommendations for future use.

Hospital Variation in Skilled Nursing Facility Use After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

Background: Over 20% of patients are discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but little is known about specific drivers for postdischarge SNF use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hospital variation in SNF use and its association with postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft.

Methods And Results: A retrospective study design utilizing Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files was used to evaluate SNF use among 70 509 beneficiaries undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, with or without valve procedures, between 2016 and 2018.

How do users compare the costs between nicotine vaping products and cigarettes? Findings from the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control United States surveys.

Background And Aims: Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can potentially help adult tobacco users quit smoking. This study evaluated how adult consumers compare the costs between NVPs and cigarettes.

Method: We used data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) surveys to perform a multinomial logit model with two-way fixed effects to measure how perceived cost comparisons are associated with NVP and cigarette taxes, use patterns, NVP device types and individual sociodemographic factors.

Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines.

Repeat vaccination with egg-based influenza vaccines could preferentially boost antibodies targeting the egg-adapted epitopes and reduce immunogenicity to circulating viruses. In this randomized trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03722589), sera pre- and post-vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated egg-based (IIV4), cell culture-based (ccIIV4), and recombinant (RIV4) influenza vaccines were collected from healthcare personnel (18-64 years) in 2018-19 (N = 723) and 2019-20 (N = 684) influenza seasons.

Programmable protein expression using a genetically encoded mA sensor.

The N-methyladenosine (mA) modification is found in thousands of cellular mRNAs and is a critical regulator of gene expression and cellular physiology. mA dysregulation contributes to several human diseases, and the mA methyltransferase machinery has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. However, current methods for studying mA require RNA isolation and do not provide a real-time readout of mRNA methylation in living cells.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior in middle-aged intensive care unit survivors discharged home: A systematic review.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review literature on physical activity and sedentary behavior of middle-aged adults post-discharge from the intensive care unit, with a particular focus on studies using wearable activity trackers.

Methodology: Systematic review conducted using correlational, cohort, and intervention studies of physical activity and sedentary behavior of intensive care unit survivors' post-discharge. Literature in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL was searched using keywords derived from patient status, activity, and activity monitoring.

Age is superior to aortopathy phenotype as a predictor of aortic mechanics in patients with bicuspid valve.

Objectives: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortopathy is defined by 3 phenotypes-root, ascending, and diffuse-based on region of maximal aortic dilation. We sought to determine the association between aortic mechanical behavior and aortopathy phenotype versus other clinical variables.

Methods: From August 1, 2016, to March 1, 2023, 375 aortic specimens were collected from 105 patients undergoing elective ascending aortic aneurysm repair for BAV aortopathy.

Subcutaneous Anti-inflammatory Therapies to Prevent Burn Progression in a Swine Model of Contact Burn Injury.

Introduction: If left untreated, burn injuries can deepen or progress in depth within the first 72 hours after injury as a result of increased wound inflammation, subsequently worsening healing outcomes. This can be especially detrimental to warfighters who are constrained to resource-limited environments with delayed evacuation times to higher roles of care and more effective treatment. Preventing this burn progression at the point of injury has the potential to improve healing outcomes but requires a field-deployable therapy and delivery system.

Tuning Potential Functions to Host-Guest Binding Data.

Software to more rapidly and accurately predict protein-ligand binding affinities is of high interest for early-stage drug discovery, and physics-based methods are among the most widely used technologies for this purpose. The accuracy of these methods depends critically on the accuracy of the potential functions that they use. Potential functions are typically trained against a combination of quantum chemical and experimental data.

Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations Among Infants in 4 Countries.

Background: Recent studies explored which pathogens drive the global burden of pneumonia hospitalizations among young children. However, the etiology of broader acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remains unclear.

Methods: Using a multicountry study (Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and the Philippines) of hospitalized infants and non-ill community controls between 2015 and 2017, we assessed the prevalence and severity of viral infections and coinfections.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings in cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 23 cases (2009-2020).

Objective: To describe the imaging findings in Australian cats and dogs with CNS cryptococcosis.

Animals: 23 cases (10 cats; 13 dogs) with CNS cryptococcosis and brain MRI or CT studies available to review.

Methods: Retrospective, multi-institutional case series.

Relationships Between Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition With Individual ACFT Event Performance Among Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets.

Thompson, MB, Lawson, DJ, Orr, RM, Lockie, RG, and Dawes, JJ. Relationships between anthropometric measures and body composition with individual ACFT event performance among army reserve officers' training corps cadets. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 749-754, 2024-The U.

Nicotinic receptors in airway disease.

With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma.

Bis-oxazoline derivatives as ancillary ligands for bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes.

Organometallic iridium complexes with two cyclometalated ligands (ĈN) and one bis-oxazoline derived ancillary ligand (L^X), . (ĈN)Ir(L^X), are reported. The ĈN ligands are 1-phenylpyrazoline (ppz), 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine (Fppy), 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq).

Sonographic findings of complete tubal abortion.

Ectopic pregnancies, implantation of a fertilized ovum in any location other than within the endometrial cavity, occur in 1-2% of all pregnancies. Despite current enhanced early diagnosis enabled by serum beta-human choriogonadotropin (hCG) levels and high-resolution ultrasound, this clinical entity continues to account for between 2.7 and 6% of all maternal deaths.

Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Related Hospitalizations in People who had Experienced Homelessness or Incarceration - Findings from the Minnesota EHR Consortium.

COVID-19 disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness or incarceration. While homelessness or incarceration alone may not impact vaccine effectiveness, medical comorbidities along with social conditions associated with homelessness or incarceration may impact estimated vaccine effectiveness. COVID-19 vaccines reduce rates of hospitalization and death; vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe outcomes in people experiencing homelessness or incarceration is unknown.

Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: Trends over Time and Implementation of Safe Opioid-Prescribing Practices.

Objectives: This study aimed (1) to determine the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool on rate of opioid prescribing and opioid dose for patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions and (2) to identify prescriber and facility characteristics associated with adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain in this population.We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to assess trends in percentage of patients from 2016 to 2020, receiving an opioid and the average opioid dose, as well as the change associated with implementation of the CDS toolkit. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the association between prescriber and facility characteristics and safe opioid-prescribing practices.

Antibiotic treatment of in domestic sheep : Working at the livestock-wildlife interface in Yukon, Canada.

Domestic sheep can carry the bacterium in their upper respiratory tract, often with little effect on health and productivity. However, for bighorn sheep populations, there is a link between infection and pneumonia, poor lamb recruitment, and high fatality rate. Because of these outcomes, preventing transmission of to free-ranging wild sheep has garnered interest from both the livestock and wildlife sectors.

Novel identification of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::MALT1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a clonal B-cell malignancy and remains a chronic disease despite improvements in clinical outcomes since the use of targeted therapies. Both clinical and biological parameters are important for determining prognosis. Unlike other mature B-cell lymphomas, translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus are uncommon in CLL.