Using sets of behavioral biomarkers to assess short-term effects of pesticide: a study case with endosulfan on frog tadpoles.

Pesticides and other chemicals often have detrimental effects at environmental concentrations. Many amphibian species are particularly threatened because of their susceptibility but also because wetlands are often polluted. Behavioral assessments of toxicity have the advantage of showing sublethal effects but quantitative measures at varied scales of integrations are rarely considered together.

Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in adipocytes: selective targeting to lipid droplets and role of caveolin-1.

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that preferentially accumulate in lipid-rich tissues of contaminated organisms. Although the adipose tissue constitutes a major intern reservoir of PCBs and recent epidemiological studies associate PCBs to the development of obesity and its related disorders, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their uptake by the adipose tissue and their intracellular localization in fat cells.

Methodology/principal Findings: We have examined the intracellular distribution of PCBs in mouse cultured adipocytes and tested the potential involvement of caveolin-1, an abundant adipocyte membrane protein, in the uptake of these compounds by fat cells.

[Mental retardation and ADHD].

Hyperactivity syndromes and disorders (ADHD and HKD) include the symptoms of overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, which occur in many other mental disorders as well, including mental retardation (MR). It is not surprising that symptoms of ADHD occur significantly higher in children with learning disabilities. Dekker and Koot (2003) found a prevalence of 14.

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: translating research into practice.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is a prevalent, yet under-appreciated, under-researched and poorly understood condition. Given this, it is imperative that information and awareness regarding this condition are made more widespread, both amongst the general public and amongst healthcare professionals. Further, given our poor understanding of the aetiology of the condition, meaningful translational research that migrates into and better informs clinical practice must be a priority.

Potential biomarkers in psychiatry: focus on the cholesterol system.

Measuring biomarkers to identify and assess illness is a strategy growing in popularity and relevance. Although already in clinical use for treating and predicting cancer, no biological measurement is used clinically for any psychiatric disorder. Biomarkers could predict the course of a medical problem, and aid in determining how and when to treat.

Search for a Higgs boson in the diphoton final state in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV.

A search for a narrow Higgs boson resonance in the diphoton mass spectrum is presented based on data corresponding to 7.0  fb{-1} of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96  TeV collected by the CDF experiment.

Measurement of the B(s)0 lifetime in fully and partially reconstructed B(s)0→D(s)(-)(ϕπ(-))X decays in p¯p collisions at √s=1.96 TeV.

We present a measurement of the B(s)(0) lifetime in fully and partially reconstructed B(s)(0)→D(s)(-)(ϕπ(-))X decays in 1.3  fb(-1) collected in pp ¯ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron.

Measurement of polarization and search for CP violation in B(s)0→φφ decays.

We present the first measurement of polarization and CP-violating asymmetries in a B(s)(0) decay into two light vector mesons, B(s)(0)→φφ, and an improved determination of its branching ratio using 295 decays reconstructed in a data sample corresponding to 2.9 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The fraction of longitudinal polarization is determined to be f(L)=0.

Search for a heavy toplike quark in pp collisions at √s=1.96 TeV.

We present the results of a search for pair production of a heavy toplike (t') quark decaying to Wq final states using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector in pp collisions at √s=1.96 TeV.

Top-quark mass measurement using events with missing transverse energy and jets at CDF.

We present a measurement of the top-quark mass using a sample of t ̄t events in 5.7 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from p ̄p collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron with √s=1.96 TeV and collected by the CDF II Detector.

Observation of the baryonic flavor-changing neutral current decay Λb(0)→Λμ+μ-.

We report the first observation of the baryonic flavor-changing neutral current decay Λ(b)(0)→Λμ(+)μ(-) with 24 signal events and a statistical significance of 5.8 Gaussian standard deviations. This measurement uses a pp collisions data sample corresponding to 6.

Search for New T' particles in final states with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse energy in p p collisions at sqrt[s] = 1.96 TeV.

We present a search for a new particle T' decaying to a top quark via T' → t + X, where X goes undetected. We use a data sample corresponding to 5.7 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity of p p collisions with sqrt[s] = 1.

Search for B(s)(0) → μ+ μ- and B(0) → μ+ μ- decays with CDF II.

A search has been performed for B(s)(0) → μ+ μ- and B(0) → μ+ μ- decays using 7 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The observed number of B(0) candidates is consistent with background-only expectations and yields an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(B(0) → μ+ μ-) < 6.0 × 10(-9) at 95% confidence level.

The differential effect of risperidone and olanzapine on insulin sensitivity after 3 weeks of treatment: a HOMA pilot study.

Background And Methods: Patients with an acute psychotic episode underwent HOMA testing for insulin sensitivity (IS) prior to and after 3 weeks of treatment with olanzapine (n = 7) or risperidone (n = 7).

Results And Discussion: The HOMA-IS index was reduced in the olanzapine group, but significantly increased in patients treated with risperidone. There was a significant "time × medication" interaction (p = 0.

The noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine phase-shifts the circadian clock in mice.

Circadian rhythms are recurring cycles in physiology and behaviour that repeat with periods of near 24 h and are driven by an endogenous circadian timekeeping system with a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Atomoxetine is a specific noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the clinical management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the current study we examined the effects of atomoxetine on circadian rhythms in mice.

Search for new physics in high pT like-sign dilepton events at CDF II.

We present a search for new physics in events with two high pT leptons of the same electric charge, using data with an integrated luminosity of 6.1 fb(-1). The observed data are consistent with standard model predictions.

Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with alterations in circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with impaired sleep, and it has been postulated that this impairment may contribute to the psychopathology of this common condition. One key driver of sleep/wake cycles is the circadian system, which at the molecular level consists of a series of transcriptional feedback loops of clock genes, which in turn produce endocrine, physiological and behavioural outputs with a near 24 h periodicity. We set out to examine circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels in ADHD.

Intra- and inter-cortical motor excitability in Alzheimer's disease.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory motor dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The corpus callosum (CC) is affected in AD already at early stages consistent with the hypothesis that AD patients exhibit alterations in transcallosally mediated motor inhibition (ipsilateral silent period, iSP). Therefore, here we aimed at investigating the integrity not only of intra-, but also of inter-hemispheric mechanisms of cortical motor excitability in AD.

Combined effects of deltamethrin, temperature and salinity on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

This study aimed to investigate the interactions of two abiotic factors (temperature and salinity) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid pesticide) exposure on some oxidative stress biomarkers as well as on acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in hepatopancreas, gills and muscle of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). A combination of three temperatures (24, 29 and 34°C), two salinities (15 and 25 ppt), and the absence or presence of 0.1 μg L(-1) deltamethrin was applied on shrimp during 4 d under laboratory conditions.

CLOCK Genes and Circadian Rhythmicity in Alzheimer Disease.

Disturbed circadian rhythms with sleep problems and disrupted diurnal activity are often seen in patients suffering from Alzheimer disease (AD). Both endogenous CLOCK genes and external Zeitgeber are responsible for the maintenance of circadian rhythmicity in humans. Therefore, modifications of the internal CLOCK system and its interactions with exogenous factors might constitute the neurobiological basis for clinically observed disruptions in rhythmicity, which often have grave consequences for the quality of life of patients and their caregivers.

Comorbidity of schizophrenia and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: Adult ADHD is characterised by a plethora of comorbid conditions. However, the comorbidity of schizophrenia and ADHD does not seem to be a typical feature and is therefore under-researched.

Objective: To identify adult patients with schizophrenia and comorbid ADHD and compare their symptomatology with schizophrenic patients without ADHD.

Measurement of the cross section for prompt isolated diphoton production in pp collisions at square root(s) = 1.96 TeV.

This Letter reports a measurement of the cross section of prompt isolated photon pair production in pp collisions at a total energy square root(s)=1.96  TeV using data of 5.36  fb(-1) integrated luminosity collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron.

Observation of the Ξ(b)(0) baryon.

The observation of the bottom, strange baryon Ξ(b)(0) through the decay chain Ξ(b)(0)→Ξ(c)(+)π-, where ΞΞ(c)(+)→Ξ- π+ π+, Ξ-→Λπ-, and Λ→pπ-, is reported by using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2  fb(-1) from pp collisions at square root(s)=1.96  TeV recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab.

ADHD and offenders.

Objectives: To present the needs and psychological treatment options for offenders with ADHD.

Methods: Key papers are discussed in relation to this topic.

Results: Research suggests there is a disproportionately high number of individuals with ADHD involved with the Criminal Justice System.

Availability of psychiatric medication in an urban area of The Gambia/West Africa.

The use of a wide and differentiated arsenal of psychopharmacological substances is integral part of modern psychiatric treatment in addition to non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., psychotherapy).