Monocytes in cystic fibrosis: responsiveness to microbial stimuli.

Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from 19 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and age-matched paired normal individuals. The oxidative metabolic response of these cells was measured by superoxide anion production before and after stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium or Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CF monocytes showed slightly greater spontaneous superoxide anion production (14.

Differential effect of recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human monocytes and alveolar macrophages.

The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a pluripotent cytokine, on tumoricidal activity of alveolar macrophages and monocytes from nonsmoking normal volunteers was compared using [3H]thymidine-labeled human tumor cells (SK-MEL-28, melanoma) as targets. A dose-response study (500-5000 units/ml) of recombinant GM-CSF indicated dramatic differences between cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Macrophages exhibited significant (P less than 0.

Human alveolar macrophage function: differences between smokers and nonsmokers.

Human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from smoking and nonsmoking normal volunteers. The macrophages and monocytes were incubated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The oxidative metabolic response of these cells was measured by superoxide anion production.

Modulation of human alveolar macrophage tumoricidal activity by C-reactive protein.

In previous reports, we have shown that purified human C-reactive protein (CRP) enhances tumoricidal activity of murine macrophages and human blood monocytes. In the present study, we wished to determine whether CRP induced similar activity in human macrophages. We evaluated the effect of CRP on the generation of in vitro tumoricidal activity in alveolar macrophages from 24 normal volunteers, among whom 10 were smokers and 14 were nonsmokers.

Induction of in vitro tumoricidal activity in alveolar macrophages and monocytes from patients with lung cancer.

Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) and blood monocytes were obtained from 65 smoking and nonsmoking normal volunteers and 29 patients with lung cancer. The oxidative metabolic response of these cells was measured by superoxide anion production after incubation with lipopolysaccharide. In addition, tumoricidal activity of AMs and monocytes was assessed against [3H]thymidine-labeled tumor target cells.

Pseudomonas cepacia-associated pneumonia in cystic fibrosis. Relation of clinical features to histopathologic patterns of pneumonia.

We studied lungs at autopsy from 40 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to determine the structural and clinicopathologic features of pneumonia associated with Pseudomonas cepacia respiratory tract colonization. Three clinical groups were identified: group A included 11 patients exhibiting a fulminant course following P cepacia colonization; group B included 20 patients who declined slowly following colonization; and group C included nine patients without P cepacia colonization. Acute pneumonia occurred in all groups but was most extensive and necrotizing in group A.

Colonization of the respiratory tract with Pseudomonas cepacia in cystic fibrosis. Risk factors and outcomes.

Between 1981 and 1983, some 85 patients with cystic fibrosis at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Cleveland, developed colonization or infection of the respiratory tract with Pseudomonas cepacia. Twenty-nine (34 percent) of the colonized patients died; four were female patients with fulminant bacteremia with P cepacia prior to death. Case-control studies showed that increasing severity of underlying cystic fibrosis, increasing age, having a sibling with cystic fibrosis who was colonized with P cepacia, and previous hospitalizations were associated with increased risk of colonization.

Pseudomonas cepacia: decrease in colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The incidence and prevalence of Pseudomonas cepacia pulmonary colonization were noted to be increasing in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous work had indicated a greater prevalence of P. cepacia among siblings (with CF) of patients colonized by P.

Fatty-acid chain elongation in rat small intestine.

Microsomal fractions from rat small intestine contain a fatty-acid chain-elongation activity. Cofactor requirements are similar to those of the liver microsomal system, but substrate specificity is different. The polyunsaturated arachidonic and timnodonic acids were elongated at very low rates.

Association with phagocytic inhibition of anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunoglobulin G antibody subclass levels in serum from patients with cystic fibrosis.

Serum from cystic fibrosis patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa specifically inhibits phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by alveolar macrophages. Serum was examined for P.

Flagella and motility alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with cystic fibrosis: relationship to patient clinical condition.

Selected physiological parameters of 31 classic and rough Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from respiratory tract cultures of patients with cystic fibrosis were examined. An association of a patient's clinical condition (good or poor) with strain physiology was made. Rough strains from patients in poor clinical condition demonstrated severe alterations in motility when compared with M-2, a highly motile and chemotactic burn strain.

Long-term effects of high-fat diets on peroxisomal beta-oxidation in male and female rats.

In weanling male rats a 4-fold increase of heart triacylglycerols was observed after three days on a high-fat diet containing partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO). In female rats this increase was only about 50%. No significant differences were observed between female and male rats in the fatty acid composition of the accumulated lipids.

Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis. A new opportunist.

Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) at our center has increased from 7% (of 419 patients) to 15% (of 450 patients) over the past 5 yr (July 1978 through June 1983). The proportion of patients dying with P. cepacia colonization has increased over this 5-yr period (Year 1, 9% (1/11) of the deaths were associated with P.

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli in cystic fibrosis patients.

Isolation of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from respiratory tract cultures of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased in recent years. Species recovered include Pseudomonas cepacia, P. maltophilia, P.

Chain-shortening of erucic acid and microperoxisomal beta-oxidation in rat small intestine.

The ability of rat small intestine to chain-shorten C22:1 fatty acids was investigated. Radioactive chain-shortened products, mainly C18:1, were demonstrated in intestinal-lymph lipids after intraluminal injection of [14-14C]erucic acid. Chain-elongation to C24:1 was also observed.

Ochratoxin A-induced porcine nephropathy: enzyme and ultrastructure changes after short-term exposure.

Four pigs were treated with ochratoxin A (800 micrograms/kg) for five consecutive days. Subsequently, urine and bile were collected and kidneys were perfusion fixed unilaterally. Liver and kidney samples were examined for the distribution of ochratoxin A and metabolites in subcellular fractions and the effects of the toxin on protein synthesis and enzyme activities.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: comparisons of isolates from campers and from sibling pairs with cystic fibrosis.

Sputum or deep throat specimen cultures were obtained from 47 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients residing together at an eight-day summer camp. Pre-camp, initial day, final day and post-camp cultures were obtained and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were characterized by morphology, serotype, pigment production, serum sensitivity, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, hemolysis on blood agar, and CO2 growth requirement. Of the 47 patients, four were not chronically colonized with Pseudomonas and did not become colonized at camp.

Effects of high fat diets on the activity of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver.

Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase [EC 3.1.2.

Time course of hemosiderin production and clearance by human pulmonary macrophages.

Tracheal aspirates from four previously healthy infants with acute pulmonary hemorrhage, and small volume bronchial lavages from children undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy were examined for pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) containing hemosiderin. Hemosiderin formation was also studied in vitro. Macrophages containing hemosiderin were first seen in tracheal aspirates 50 hours after an acute pulmonary hemorrhage and after 72 hours in cultured macrophages.

Pulmonary cellular response to chronic irritation and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in cats.

A model of chronic pulmonary infection was used for studying cellular events in a sequential manner. In this model, agarose beads containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa were instilled endotracheally into cats. Nine cats were inoculated with agarose beads containing P.

Changes in the content of n-6 fatty acids in liver phospholipids in rats as a consequence of partially hydrogenated dietary oils.

The effects of unhydrogenated and partially-hydrogenated marine and rapeseed oils on the relative content of n-6 fatty acids in rat liver phospholipids were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The type of dietary oil strongly affected the pattern of n-6 fatty acids in the liver phospholipids even after a relatively short feeding period (3 weeks). With diets deficient in linoleic acid, accumulation of the 20:3 n-9 fatty acid was observed in the animals receiving partially hydrogenated oils, but not in the animals receiving the unhydrogenated marine oil which contained relatively high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family.

Function of human alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers and cigarette smokers: effect of cystic fibrosis serum.

Previous studies demonstrated that serum from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients specifically inhibited Pseudomonas phagocytosis by both normal and CF alveolar macrophages. In the present study, inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phagocytosis by CF serum was significantly less on macrophages from heavy smokers than on cells from normal volunteers (P less than 0.01).

Long-chain Acyl-CoA levels in liver from rats fed high-fat diets: is it of significance for an increased peroxisomal beta-oxidation?

The levels of long-chain acyl-CoA in the livers of rats given diets containing various amounts of dietary oils were investigated. Increasing the amount of soybean oil in the diet from 5% to 25% (w/w) led to a 40% increase in long-chain acyl-CoA. With partially hydrogenated marine oil, a sigmoidal dose-response curve was obtained, giving a 60% increase when 20% or more of this oil was in the diet.