Equine colic associated with small intestinal epiploic foramen entrapment.

Intestinal epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is an important differential diagnosis in horses with colic, but disappointing short- and long-term outcomes are reported in the scientific literature. Many horses are euthanased during surgery due to a predicted poor prognosis or due to uncontrollable intraoperative haemorrhage. The ileum is involved in the majority of cases.

Gastrostomy tube placement via a laparotomic procedure in growing conventional piglets to perform multi-dose preclinical paediatric drug studies.

The use of juvenile conventional pigs as a preclinical animal model to perform pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and safety studies for the paediatric population is increasing. Repetitive oral administration of drugs to juvenile pigs is however challenging. A representative method which can be used from birth till adulthood is necessary.

Developmental Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ibuprofen and Its Enantiomers in the Conventional Pig as Potential Pediatric Animal Model.

Pediatric drug development, especially in disease areas that only affect children, can be stimulated by using juvenile animal models not only for general safety studies, but also to gain knowledge on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. Recently, the conventional growing piglet has been suggested as juvenile animal model. However, more studies with different classes of drugs are warranted to make a thorough evaluation whether the juvenile pig might be a suitable preclinical animal model.

Surgical treatment of epiploic foramen entrapment in 142 horses (2008-2016).

Objective: To report the clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic factors associated with the surgical treatment of epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE).

Study Design: Retrospective study at a single referral hospital.

Animals: Horses (n = 142) undergoing surgery (n = 145) for EFE.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of a Desmopressin Oral Lyophilisate in Growing Piglets as a Model for the Pediatric Population.

Desmopressin is used to treat primary nocturnal enuresis in children. Over the years, various formulations of desmopressin were commercialized of which the sublingual melt tablet is preferred in the pediatric population, despite the lack of full PK studies in this population. A full PK study was performed in growing conventional piglets to evaluate if this juvenile animal model can provide supplementary information to complement the information gap in the pediatric population.

A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs.

Background: Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after an ablation procedure remains a major problem which emphasizes the need for improved pulmonary vein isolation techniques.

Aims: The aim of this study was to describe an implantation procedure of a pulmonary vein-stent which may possibly serve as an ablation technique in the future and to examine stent safety in a follow-up study in pigs.

Methods And Results: Eight pigs were catheterized and nine self-expanding nitinol stents were implanted through a transfemoral or transatrial approach into the antra of the pulmonary veins.

Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study.

Piglets are considered to be suitable animal models for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of test drugs for potential use in the paediatric population. Such PK/PD studies require multiple blood and urine samplings. The goal of the present study was to determine a suitable blood collection strategy applicable in the youngest age categories of six days, four weeks and eight weeks of age, as well as a urine collection technique for male piglets in the same age categories.

Laparoscopic Evaluation of the Epiploic Foramen after Celiotomy for Epiploic Foramen Entrapment in the Horse.

Objectives: To evaluate the epiploic foramen using laparoscopy in horses previously treated for epiploic foramen entrapment to determine if spontaneous epiploic foramen closure had occurred.

Study Design: Non-consecutive case series.

Animals: Seven horses.

In vivo contribution of deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside to deoxynivalenol exposure in broiler chickens and pigs: oral bioavailability, hydrolysis and toxicokinetics.

Crossover animal trials were performed with intravenous and oral administration of deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON3G) and deoxynivalenol (DON) to broiler chickens and pigs. Systemic plasma concentrations of DON, DON3G and de-epoxy-DON were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to unravel phase II metabolism of DON.

Modulation by gamithromycin and ketoprofen of in vitro and in vivo porcine lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

The immunomodulatory properties of gamithromycin (GAM), ketoprofen (KETO) and their combination (GAM-KETO) were investigated after both in vitro and in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The influence of these drugs was measured on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in both LPS-stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and LPS-challenged pigs. Additionally, effects on the production of acute phase proteins (APPs), including pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as on the development of fever, pulmonary symptoms and sickness behaviour were investigated.