Transcriptome dynamics in developing leaves from C and C Flaveria species.

C species have evolved more than 60 times independently from C ancestors. This multiple and parallel evolution of the complex C trait suggests common underlying evolutionary mechanisms, which could be identified by comparative analysis of closely related C and C species. Efficient C function depends on a distinctive leaf anatomy that is characterised by enlarged, chloroplast-rich bundle sheath cells and narrow vein spacing.

Mapping the castor bean endosperm proteome revealed a metabolic interaction between plastid, mitochondria, and peroxisomes to optimize seedling growth.

In this work, we studied castor-oil plant as a classical system for endosperm reserve breakdown. The seeds of castor beans consist of a centrally located embryo with the two thin cotyledons surrounded by the endosperm. The endosperm functions as major storage tissue and is packed with nutritional reserves, such as oil, proteins, and starch.

Root exudation of mature beech forests across a nutrient availability gradient: the role of root morphology and fungal activity.

Root exudation is a key plant function with a large influence on soil organic matter dynamics and plant-soil feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Yet despite its importance, the main ecological drivers of root exudation in mature forest trees remain to be identified. During two growing seasons, we analyzed the dependence of in situ collected root exudates on root morphology, soil chemistry and nutrient availability in six mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.

Transcript and metabolite changes during the early phase of abscisic acid-mediated induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Talinum triangulare.

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved as a water-saving strategy, and its engineering into crops offers an opportunity to improve their water use efficiency. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the CAM pathway. Here, we use the facultative CAM species Talinum triangulare as a model in which CAM can be induced rapidly by exogenous abscisic acid.

Transcriptional response of the extremophile red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae to changes in CO concentrations.

Cyanidioschyzon merolae (C. merolae) is an acidophilic red alga growing in a naturally low carbon dioxide (CO) environment. Although it uses a ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with high affinity for CO, the survival of C.

Comparative transcriptome atlases reveal altered gene expression modules between two Cleomaceae C3 and C4 plant species.

C(4) photosynthesis outperforms the ancestral C(3) state in a wide range of natural and agro-ecosystems by affording higher water-use and nitrogen-use efficiencies. It therefore represents a prime target for engineering novel, high-yielding crops by introducing the trait into C(3) backgrounds. However, the genetic architecture of C(4) photosynthesis remains largely unknown.

An engineered plant peroxisome and its application in biotechnology.

Plant metabolic engineering is a promising tool for biotechnological applications. Major goals include enhancing plant fitness for an increased product yield and improving or introducing novel pathways to synthesize industrially relevant products. Plant peroxisomes are favorable targets for metabolic engineering, because they are involved in diverse functions, including primary and secondary metabolism, development, abiotic stress response, and pathogen defense.

Synthesis of benzofuran, benzothiophene, and benzothiazole-based thioamides and their evaluation as K(ATP) channel openers.

Several series of benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and benzothiazoles, all featuring the thioamide group, were synthesized and tested as novel K(ATP) channel openers in artificial cell systems: CHO cells transfected with SUR1/Kir6.2, and HEK 293 cells transfected with SUR2B/Kir6.1; these served as model systems for insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells and smooth muscle cells, respectively.

Evaluation of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic review of outcome studies.

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relative effectiveness of the broad-based treatments for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The analysis includes 13 pharmacotherapy studies and 12 psychotherapy studies obtained from a PsychINFO database search and a reference search. Studies of pharmacotherapy treatment efficacy demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in reducing PTSD symptoms, t (22) = -2.

Maladaptive correlates of the failure to forgive self and others: further evidence for a two-component model of forgiveness.

In a sample composed of 162 young adults, we examined the generalizability of an orthogonal, 2-component model of forgiveness previously reported by Ross, Kendall, Matters, Rye, and Wrobel (2004). Furthermore, we examined the relationship of these two components with maladaptive personality characteristics as measured by the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP; Clark, 1993), with an emphasis on Five-factor model markers of personality. Using multiple measures of forgiveness, principal components analysis supported a 2-component model representing self-forgiveness and other forgiveness.

Self-report problem scales and subscales and behavioral ratings provided by peers: unique evidence of test validity.

The relationship between children's self-reported problems on the Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY) and peer descriptors derived from the Pupil Evaluation Inventory was examined in a regular education sample of 156 children in fourth through eighth grade. The relative contributions of the PIY scales and subscales to the prediction of peer ratings were compared. Peer ratings of withdrawn, disruptive, and prosocial behaviors were substantially correlated to self-report problem scales made up of logically related content.

A personological examination of self- and other-forgiveness in the five factor model.

In a sample composed of 147 undergraduates (age range 18 to 55 years; M = 22), we conducted an examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and other-forgiveness in the Five-factor model of personality (FFM). Using multiple measures of each construct, principal components analysis (PCA) supported a 2-component model of forgiveness. Findings for the PCA and external correlates with the FFM provided evidence for a largely orthogonal relationship between self- and other-forgiveness.