Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical Teen Dating Perpetration and Trait Anger Expression: A Group-Based Trajectory Approach.

Dating violence is often perpetrated among adolescents, which increases the efforts to better understand individual risk factors for preventive efforts. Although multiple forms (i.e.

Longitudinal examination of marijuana use and physical teen dating violence: Antisocial peers and impulsivity as mediators.

Background: Prior studies have shown that marijuana use is often associated with physical teen dating violence. However, few studies have examined the longitudinal mediating effects of associating with antisocial peers and impulsivity on this relationship. Also, few studies have estimated the cascading developmental impact of marijuana use and antisocial peer association, predicting the continued marijuana use and antisocial peer associations while considering the risk of impulsivity in physical teen dating violence.

Dual Systems Imbalance as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Exposure to Violence and Violent Offending Risk: Delineating Direct Victimization and Witnessed Violence.

Exposure to violence is a robust risk factor associated with violent offending. Furthermore, exposure to violence can lead to dysfunctional cognitive development, and this may underpin the relationship between exposure to violence and violent offending risk. However, there is a dearth of research that has examined the independent effects of direct victimization and witnessed violence in this regard, particularly as it pertains to dual systems imbalance as a cognitive mediator of either or both forms of exposure to violence.

Neighborhood disorder as a predictor of perceptions of firearm access: Examining peers effects.

Objective: This study sought to examine the relationship between neighborhood disorder and perceptions of gun access. Further, this study focused on determining whether or not antisocial peer affiliation mediates this relationship.

Methods: The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed.

The transition from physical sibling abuse to bullying perpetration through trait anger: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: Experiencing physical sibling abuse is a form of family violence that is common but understudied. While it is often perceived as a normative aspect of sibling relationships, there are apparent behavioral consequences. The current study aims to advance the literature by utilizing the displaced aggression model and I theory to longitudinally examine trait anger as a pathway linking physical sibling abuse to bullying perpetration.

Major Depressive Disorder as a Driver of Dual Systems Model Development During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Among Justice-Involved Youth: Is Salience Age-Graded?

The dual systems model is a psychological framework centered on differential development of sensation-seeking and impulse control during adolescence and emerging adulthood with implications for understanding antisocial behavior. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined mental illness as a driver of differential development of these constructs. This study examined major depressive disorder as a risk factor for elevated sensation-seeking and diminished impulse control and tested to determine whether the salience differed by age.

Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Dual Systems Model Development: Testing the Moderating Role of ADHD.

Recent research has indicated that deviant peers may play a role in cognitive development. This is particularly the case for the dual systems model, a key framework for understanding engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, limited research has examined how preexisting mental health concerns may moderate these relationships.

Relative impacts of a virtual cooking and nutrition program for children and families.

Among the many factors contributing to increased consumption of ultraprocessed foods, a societal decline in cooking skills is a barrier to achieving healthy dietary patterns among children and adolescents. The current study assessed the effectiveness of a healthy cooking program, its geographic reach, and whether program format (child only, in-person format vs. family-based, virtual format) influenced outcomes.

Major depressive disorder as a moderator of the relationship between heavy-episodic drinking and anxiety symptoms.

Background: Major depressive disorder and heavy-episodic drinking are risk factors for the development of anxiety. However, the interactive effect between these constructs for predicting anxiety symptoms remains understudied.

Aims: This study sought to examine how major depressive disorder moderates the relationship between heavy-episodic drinking frequency and the development of anxiety symptoms in adolescence and emerging adulthood among a sample of justice-involved youth, with expectations that the salience of this relationship may differ based on life-course stage.

Understanding the link between alcohol dependence and victimisation risk: Is risk explained by peers or alcohol behaviours?

Background: Alcohol dependence is a risk factor for experiencing victimisation, but little is known about how peer and behavioural mechanisms may explain this relationship.

Aims: To test deviant peer association and/or heavy-episodic drinking frequency as mediators between alcohol dependence and risk for being victimised.

Methods: The Pathways to Desistance data were analysed.

ADHD as a Predictor of Quicker Time to Violent Recidivism and a Moderator of the Exposure to Violence-Violent Recidivism Relationship.

Research on the role that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays as a moderator of the relationship between exposure to violence and violent recidivism is limited. The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed to examine these relationships. Survival analysis was used to examine ADHD as a risk factor predicting time to violent recidivism.

The Effects of Neighborhood Disorder on Polydrug Use: Examining Depressive Symptoms and Deviant Peer Association as Mediating Mechanisms.

Neighborhood disorder is a risk factor for substance use, but research is limited with regard to the effect of such disorder on polydrug use. Further, research on potential mechanisms underlying this relationship is similarly limited. The current study examined the direct effect of neighborhood disorder on drug use variety and examined deviant peer association and depressive symptoms as mediators among a sample of justice-involved youth.

Establishing the Relative Accuracy of Using City Directories as Proxies to Define and Reconstruct Historical Alcohol Environments.

Objective: Research on alcohol environments has established that poorer and minoritized communities are frequently overburdened by off-premise outlets (e.g., liquor stores).

Linking Historical Discriminatory Housing Patterns to the Contemporary Alcohol Environment.

Research on alcohol outlet density consistently shows greater disparities in exposure in disinvested communities. Likewise, structural racism via discriminatory housing practices has created many of the issues that beset contemporary disinvested neighborhoods. Little work, however, has examined the relationship between housing practices and alcohol outlet disparities.

Using trajectory modeling of spatio-temporal trends to illustrate disparities in COVID-19 death in flint and Genesee County, Michigan.

COVID-19's rapid onset left many public health entities scrambling. But establishing community-academic partnerships to digest data and create advocacy steps offers an opportunity to link research to action. Here we document disparities in COVID-19 death uncovered during a collaboration between a health department and university research center.

Validating a geospatial healthfulness index with self-reported chronic disease and health outcomes.

Leveraging community engagement from past research may yield frameworks on which to build new inquiries. We previously integrated community voice into the development of a healthfulness index to increase awareness of social determinants of health in the built environment and inform deployment of public health interventions in the Flint (Michigan, USA) Center for Health Equity Solutions. Here we combine the healthfulness index with self-reported chronic disease and health outcomes (n = 12,279) from a community-based healthcare entity, the Genesee Health Plan.

Understanding mechanisms underlying the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance-impaired driving among young adults involved with the justice system as minors.

Introduction: Antisocial personality disorder is a risk factor associated with increased risk for substance-impaired driving. While past research has focused on identifying prevalence rates for the disorder among substance-impaired drivers, there is a dearth of research focused on identifying the mechanisms by which the disorder actually functions to increase risk for the behavior among young adults who were formerly adjudicated for a serious offense. There are cognitive, affective, and social mechanisms that may help to explain this relationship.

Trajectory Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Trends in COVID-19 Incidence in Flint and Genesee County, Michigan.

Purpose: The establishment of community-academic partnerships to digest data and create actionable policy and advocacy steps is of continuing importance. In this paper, we document COVID-19 racial and geographic disparities uncovered via a collaboration between a local health department and university research center.

Methods: We leverage individual level data for all COVID-19 cases aggregated to the census block group level, where group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify latent patterns of change and continuity in COVID-19 diagnoses.

Borderline Personality Disorder as a Predictor of Drug Use Variety: Cognitive Vs. Affective Mechanisms.

Borderline personality disorder has been identified as a risk factor for polydrug use. Despite this, there remains a lack of understanding of which characteristics of the disorder provide the mechanisms for this relationship. This study examined a set of constructs as mechanisms explaining the borderline personality disorder-polydrug use relationship that are divided into affective and cognitive categories.

Exposure to Violence Variety as a Risk Factor for Cigarette Smoking: Relevance of Sensation-Seeking and Impulsivity as Mediators.

Background: Prior research has indicated that exposure to violence is a risk factor associated with cigarette smoking. However, the relevance of variety of exposure for predicting this outcome has remained underexplored. This is problematic, as increased variety of exposure may represent a measure of severity of trauma exposure with less recall bias than other measures.

The relevance of post-traumatic stress disorder as a moderator of the relationship between experience of violent or sexual assault and opioid use in adulthood.

Background: Past research has indicated that individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may demonstrate increased sensitivity to stress exposure following onset of the disorder. Thus, having PTSD may amplify the effects of subsequent stressors. This has been found to be relevant in some forms of substance use but relationships between PTSD, new stress and opioid use specifically has not been examined.

The dual mediating roles of impulsivity and emotion regulation of the borderline personality disorder-violence relationship: A structural equation modeling approach.

Although the past research has indicated that features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) increase the risk for violence, much less research has examined the mediators of this relationship. This study examined the mediating roles that impulsivity and emotion dysregulation may play in explaining the relationship between BPD and violence. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses.

Relevance of the dual systems model for predicting drug/alcohol dependence in early adulthood among previously adjudicated young adults.

Background: While the dual system model has been found to have utility for predicting drug use, examinations have yet to extend to the clinically relevant issue of drug/alcohol dependence. This study sought to provide better understanding of how the dual systems model constructs (impulse control and sensation-seeking) predicted risk for drug/alcohol dependence in early adulthood among a sample of young adults who were adjudicated for a serious offense as minors.

Methods: Data from several waves of the Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses.

Antisocial personality disorder as a predictor of polydrug use: a longitudinal study of the dual mediating roles of deviant peer association and self-control among juvenile offenders.

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (APD) has been linked to increased risk for polydrug use (PU). However, there is a dearth of research focusing on the mechanisms underlying this risk.

Aims: To examine the relationship between APD and PU; to test for the mediating effects of deviant peer association (DVA) and self-control in this relationship; to determine if the magnitudes of observed mediation effects are equivalent.

Presentation of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Adulthood: Development of Depression Mediates the Effect of Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Violence.

Past research has linked the development of borderline personality disorder to earlier exposure to violence. However, the causal link by which this relationship exists has not yet been fully identified. The present study sought to examine how exposure to violence predicted heterogeneity in the development of depressive systems and results in the arousal of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adulthood.