Analysis, design, and maintenance of isolation valves in water distribution networks: State of the art review, insights from field experiences and future directions.

Isolation valves play a primary role in water distribution networks as their operation enables isolating the part of the network undergoing planned or extraordinary maintenance, in the context of rehabilitation or pipe break repairs, respectively. This paper presents a review of the current state of the art of isolation valves, with a focus on the problems of analysis, e.g.

Transport of large solids in sewer pipes.

This paper presents a method for determining the conditions under which large solids (i.e., solids with a vertical dimension greater than the depth of water) are able to move in a pipe.