Trialkyl phosphites and diaryliodonium salts as co-initiators in a system for radical-promoted visible-light-induced cationic polymerization.

Trialkyl phosphites ((RO)3P) can act as co-initiators for the diaryliodonium-induced cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) or THF. A radical initiation step is also required, consistent with the essential role of a radical chain reaction of the phosphite with the iodonium salt to form polymerization-starting aryltrialkoxyphosphonium salts (ArP(+)(OR)3). We used the visible photolysis of phenylazoisobutyronitrile (PAIBN) as the radical initiation step.

Effect of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and renal function.

Energy drink consumption has been anecdotally linked to the development of adverse cardiovascular effects in consumers, although clinical trials to support this link are lacking. The effects of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and neurologic functions were examined in college-aged students enrolled at Winona State University. In a double-blind experiment where normal calorie and low calorie Red Bull were compared to normal and low calorie placebos, no changes in overall cardiovascular function nor blood glucose (mg/dL) were recorded in any participant (n = 68) throughout a 2-h test period.

Electron Transfer from a Cyclic Diaryliodine Species to Arenediazonium Salts. Evidence for the Intermediacy of 9-I-2 Structures in Iodine Atom Transfer Reactions(1).

2,2'-Diiodobiphenyl (1) reacts with arenediazonium hexafluorophosphates (ArN(2)(+)PF(6)(-)) in acetonitrile to form biphenyleneiodonium salt (4) and iodoarenes (ArI) as major products. The reaction follows a free-radical-chain mechanism and involves a cyclic diaryliodine, 9-I-2 species (3), which is trapped as the iodonium salt (4) by a single-electron transfer (SET) to the diazonium salt. The results show that diaryliodine intermediates formed by the addition of phenyl radicals to iodoarenes can have sufficient lifetimes to allow trapping by bimolecular processes.