Evidence for a vicious socioemotional cycle of negative emotions and interpersonal conflict.

Unlabelled: Interpersonal and emotional functioning are closely linked and reciprocally influence one another. Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory (CIIT) offers a useful framework to conceptualize these patterns and guide interventions in cases where these patterns result in dysfunction. Stress processes offer several dynamic frameworks to guide empirical investigations using methods that allow for fine-grained analyses in the context of daily life.

Bidirectional Associations Between Loneliness, Emotional Support, and Sleep in Daily Life.

Objective: Evidence suggests a link between positive social relationship perceptions and improved sleep (e.g., quality, efficiency) across the life span.

Sex-specific associations between childhood trauma and adult systemic inflammation in daily life.

Objective: Childhood trauma may contribute to lifelong health through chronic systemic inflammation. However, associations between childhood trauma and inflammation are mixed, indicating that distinct types of childhood trauma may relate to inflammation differently. Moreover, most studies use a single assessment of inflammatory markers that may not reliably estimate stable interindividual differences.

Longitudinal associations of social support, everyday social interactions, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main effect models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health in the presence and the absence of stressful events, whereas stress-buffering models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health especially when individuals are facing stressful events. We tested these models of how perceived social support impacts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated whether characteristics of everyday social interactions statistically mediated this association - namely, (a) received support, the visible and deliberate assistance provided by others, and (b) pleasantness, the extent to which an interaction is positive, flows easily, and leads individuals to feel understood and validated. 591 United States adults completed a 3-week ecological momentary assessment protocol sampling characteristics of their everyday social interactions that was used to evaluate between-person average values and within-person daily fluctuations in everyday social interaction characteristics.

Stressor-evoked brain activity, cardiovascular reactivity, and subclinical atherosclerosis in midlife adults.

Background: Cardiovascular responses to psychological stressors have been separately associated with preclinical atherosclerosis and hemodynamic brain activity patterns across different studies and cohorts; however, what has not been established is whether cardiovascular stress responses reliably link indicators of stressor-evoked brain activity and preclinical atherosclerosis that have been measured in the same individuals. Accordingly, the present study used cross-validation and predictive modeling to test for the first time whether stressor-evoked systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses statistically mediated the association between concurrently measured brain activity and a vascular marker of preclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries.

Methods: 624 midlife adults (aged 28-56 years, 54.

Effects of a laboratory-based aerobic exercise intervention on brain volume and cardiovascular health markers: protocol for a randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has beneficial effects on brain health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Yet, we know little about whether PA-induced changes to physiological mediators of CVD risk influence brain health and whether benefits to brain health may also explain PA-induced improvements to CVD risk. This study combines neurobiological and peripheral physiological methods in the context of a randomised clinical trial to better understand the links between exercise, brain health and CVD risk.

Does light physical activity reduce blood pressure responses to laboratory stressors?

Individuals exhibiting exaggerated blood pressure responses to stress are at increased risk for later cardiovascular disease. Engagement in brief bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may reduce instances of these exaggerated blood pressure responses. While observational work has shown that periods of light physical activity may also be associated with reduced blood pressure responses to stress in daily life, the few experimental studies involving light physical activity have methodological limitations that temper conclusions.

Early Life SES, Childhood Trauma Exposures, and Cardiovascular Responses to Daily Life Stressors in Middle-aged Adults.

Background: Dysregulation in physiological responses to stress may provide a mechanism through which low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood negatively impacts health. Evidence linking early life SES to physiological stress responses is inconsistent. Exposure to childhood trauma may be an important source of heterogeneity accounting for mixed findings.

Expectations of respect and appreciation in daily life and associations with subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To test whether expectations of respect and appreciation from others, assessed in daily life, are associated with preclinical vascular disease.

Method: Participants were an urban community sample of 483 employed adults (47% male, 17% Black, mean age = 42.8 years).

Aerobic exercise improves episodic memory in late adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Aerobic exercise remains one of the most promising approaches for enhancing cognitive function in late adulthood, yet its potential positive effects on episodic memory remain poorly understood and a matter of intense debate. Prior meta-analyses have reported minimal improvements in episodic memory following aerobic exercise but have been limited by restrictive inclusion criteria and infrequent examination of exercise parameters.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine if aerobic exercise influences episodic memory in late adulthood ( = 70.

A Longitudinal Study of Age-Based Change in Blood Pressure Reactivity and Negative Affect Reactivity to Natural Stressors.

Objective: Aging is theoretically accompanied by emotional gains, but physiological self-regulatory losses. Emotional and physiological regulation can be operationalized as the extent of an increase in negative affect and blood pressure upon experiencing a stressor (i.e.

Sleep and Daily Social Experiences as Potential Mechanisms Linking Social Integration to Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping.

Objective: Socially integrated individuals are at lower risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared with their more isolated counterparts. This association may be due, in part, to the effect of social integration on nocturnal blood pressure (BP) decline or "dipping," a physiological process associated with decreased disease risk. However, the pathways linking social integration with nocturnal BP dipping are unknown.

What Can We Learn From More Than 140,000 Moments of Ecological Momentary Assessment-Assessed Negative Emotion and Ambulatory Blood Pressure? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Two decades of research has examined within-person associations between negative emotion states and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), but no meta-analysis has been conducted. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of this association and identify moderators, review strengths and weaknesses in conceptual and measurement approaches, and provide recommendations.

Methods: We searched databases (PsycINFO, PubMed), identified 15 studies, and obtained data from 13 studies (n = 2511; 142,307 observations).

Randomized feasibility trial of a digital intervention for hypertension self-management.

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) can improve hypertension management. Digital tools to facilitate routinized HBPM and patient self-care are underutilized and lack evidence of effectiveness. MyBP provides video-based education and automated text messaging to support continuous BP self-monitoring with recurring feedback.

Cortisol activity partially accounts for a relationship between community socioeconomic position and atherosclerosis.

Compared to others, individuals living in communities of socioeconomic disadvantage experience more atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a greater extent of preclinical atherosclerosis. Although the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, it is widely hypothesized that alterations in normative cortisol release from the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis may play a role in linking lower community socioeconomic position (C-SEP) to CVD risk. The current study examined this hypothesis in relation to a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis among 488 healthy midlife adults (30-54 years, Mean age= 43, 52% Female, 81% White).

Conscientiousness and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Test of the Health Behavior Model of Personality Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Background: High trait conscientiousness is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, and health behaviors are a putative but relatively untested pathway that may explain this association.

Purpose: To explore the role of key health behaviors (diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep) as links between conscientiousness and cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis of 494 healthy, middle-aged working adults (mean age = 42.

Daily stress reactivity: The unique roles of personality and social support.

Background: The processes through which social support exerts its influence in daily life are not well understood. Arguably, its salutary effects as an environmental variable might be construed as shared effects of personality.

Method: To test this possibility, we investigated the unique and shared effects of personality and social support on daily stressor exposure (social conflict, task strain) and on the within-person association of stressor exposure with perceived stress.

Day-to-day associations between sleep characteristics and affect in community dwelling adults.

Despite the high co-occurrence of sleep and mood disturbances, day-to-day associations between sleep characteristics (sleep duration, continuity, and timing) and dimensions of mood (positive affect and negative affect) remain unclear. The present study aimed to test whether there is a daily, bidirectional association between these sleep characteristics and affective states, while addressing methodological limitations in the extant literature by using actiography and ecological momentary assessment methods. Participants were community dwelling, midlife adults (aged 30-54 years, N = 462, 47% male) drawn from the Adult Health and Behavior Project-Phase 2 study.

Social Integration and Diurnal Cortisol Decline: The Role of Psychosocial and Behavioral Pathways.

Objective: A growing number of studies have associated various measures of social integration, the diversity of social roles in which one participates, with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) functioning. The pathways through which social integration may be linked to HPA functioning, however, are as yet unknown. The present study examined whether daily social interactions, affective responses, health behaviors, and personality help explain the association between social integration and diurnal cortisol slope.

The double burden of racial discrimination in daily-life moments: Increases in negative emotions and depletion of psychosocial resources among emerging adult African Americans.

Racial discrimination is a common experience for African Americans, but no research has examined how discrimination reported in daily-life moments influences concurrent negative emotions and psychosocial resources. Emerging adult African Americans ( = 54) reported hourly on momentary racial discrimination, negative emotions, and psychosocial resources across two days. Controlling for past discrimination and trait emotion, momentary racial discrimination was associated with greater negative emotions and lower psychosocial resources ( < .

Hostility Dimensions and Metabolic Syndrome in a Healthy, Midlife Sample.

Objective: Evidence links trait hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive hostility) relate to MetS are not well known.

SMS-facilitated home blood pressure monitoring: A qualitative analysis of resultant health behavior change.

Objective: Hypertension is largely asymptomatic and, as a result, patients often fail to sufficiently engage in medication adherence and other health behaviors to control their blood pressure (BP). This study explores the mechanisms by which MyBP, an automated SMS-facilitated home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) program, helps facilitate healthy behavior changes.

Methods: A thematic analysis of transcribed audio-recordings from semi-structured post-intervention interviews (n = 40) was conducted.

Physical activity moderates the effects of daily psychosocial stressors on ambulatory blood pressure.

Objective: Previous literature has shown an inconsistent relationship between physical activity and stressor-evoked blood pressure reactivity. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may facilitate detecting such a relationship. In this study, the moderating effects of regular physical activity on the magnitude of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) responses to psychosocial stressors experienced in daily life were examined.

Socioeconomic disparities of depressive symptoms and cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To examine the associations among socioeconomic factors, depressive symptoms, and cytokines in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: A total of 266 patients diagnosed with HCC were administered a battery of questionnaires including a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic StudiesDepression (CES-D) scale. Blood samples were collected to assess serum levels of cytokines using Luminex.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Reactivity as a Moderator in the Association Between Daily Life Psychosocial Stress and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis.

Objective: We examined whether associations between daily psychosocial stressor exposures and carotid artery intima-medial thickness (IMT) may be stronger among those showing larger stress-related cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during the course of daily living.

Methods: A total of 474 healthy working adults (ages 30-54 years) collected ambulatory blood pressure and recorded their daily experiences, using electronic diaries, during two 2-day periods for a week. Measures of mean momentary task strain and social conflict were used as indices of stressor exposure, and partial regression coefficients linking momentary strain and conflict with ambulatory blood pressure fluctuations were used as measures of CVR.