Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy, modafinil, and their combination for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (COMBO-MS): a randomised, statistician-blinded, parallel-arm trial.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms reported by people with multiple sclerosis. Although behavioural and pharmacological interventions might be partly beneficial, their combined effects have not been evaluated for multiple sclerosis fatigue, or examined with sufficient consideration of characteristics that might affect treatment response. In this comparative effectiveness research trial, we compared the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), modafinil, and their combination for treating multiple sclerosis fatigue.

Lung cancer patients' illness perceptions: Prognostic for psychological and physical health trajectories.

Objective: Advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with the highest burden of mental and physical symptoms. Across illnesses, patients' subjective illness beliefs (i.e.

Temporal associations between use of psychoactive substances and somatic symptoms in the daily lives of people with fibromyalgia.

Objective: Consumption of psychoactive substances-alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, opioids, and cannabis-is common among people with fibromyalgia. Associations between the use of substances and somatic symptoms could reflect efforts to cope with symptoms, aggravation or alleviation of symptoms after the use of substances, or a combination of these. To date, no study has provided insight into temporal associations between the consumption of psychoactive substances and fluctuations in somatic symptoms.

Sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive function in multiple sclerosis: Differential associations across cognitive domains.

Background: Sleep disorders are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and could contribute to cognitive dysfunction. However, effects of pathological sleep on cognitive domains are insufficiently characterized.

Objective: To evaluate associations between cognitive performance and polysomnographic (PSG)-based sleep disturbances in PwMS.

Self-efficacy trajectories of individuals newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose/objective: The first year following a new multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis may be a critical time for individuals as they learn to manage their disease. Effective self-management of MS likely requires healthy self-efficacy levels, yet little is known about self-efficacy in the postdiagnosis period. This study aims to improve our understanding of self-efficacy in individuals newly diagnosed with MS by examining self-efficacy trajectories and identifying patient characteristics associated with trajectories in the first postdiagnosis year.

Feasibility, reliability, and validity of ambulatory cognitive tests in fibromyalgia and matched controls.

Objective: This observational study examined the feasibility, reliability, and validity of repeated ambulatory cognitive tests in fibromyalgia (FM).

Method: Adults with FM ( = 50) and matched controls ( = 50) completed lab-based neuropsychological tests (NIH Toolbox) followed by eight days of smartphone-based ambulatory testing of processing speed (symbol search) and working memory (dot memory) five times daily. Feasibility was assessed based on response rates.

Mind the Mood: Momentary Depression and Anxiety Moderate the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Subjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) affects 55-75% of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), but those reporting cognitive difficulties often lack corresponding objective deficits. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent in FM and may account for part of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether momentary (within-day, across 7 days) changes in mood moderate the relationship between within-the-moment SCD and mental processing speed performance.

Coping as a Moderator of Associations Between Symptoms and Functional and Affective Outcomes in the Daily Lives of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Pain and fatigue are highly prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with adverse physical, social, and psychological outcomes. There is a critical need to identify modifiable factors that can reduce the impact of these symptoms on daily life.

Purpose: This study examined the moderating role of dispositional coping in the relationships between daily fluctuations (i.

Illness perception profiles and psychological and physical symptoms in newly diagnosed advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Of all cancers, advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with the highest burden on mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients' subjective beliefs about their cancer (i.e.

Illness representations and psychological outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a lifelong cancer with subtle symptoms. Treatment is not curative and often involves repeated relapses and retreatments. Illness perceptions - cognitive and emotional representations of illness stimuli - were studied in CLL patients to: 1) identify illness perception 'profiles' prior to treatment; and 2) test whether profile membership predicts psychological responses 12 months later as treatment continued.

Prevalence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety in the year following multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

Background: Pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety are common in multiple sclerosis, but little is known about the presence, co-occurrence, and trajectories of these symptoms in the year after multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis.

Objectives: To determine, during the postdiagnosis year: (1) rates of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety; (2) rates of symptom co-occurrence; and (3) stability/change in symptom severity.

Methods: Newly diagnosed adults with MS/clinically isolated syndrome ( = 230) completed self-report measures of pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after MS diagnosis.

Phase II Study of Combination Obinutuzumab, Ibrutinib, and Venetoclax in Treatment-Naïve and Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Purpose: The development of highly effective targeted agents for chronic lymphocytic leukemia offers the potential for fixed-duration combinations that achieve deep remissions without cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: This phase II study tested a combination regimen of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax for a total of 14 cycles in both patients with treatment-naïve (n = 25) and relapsed or refractory (n = 25) chronic lymphocytic leukemia to determine the response to therapy and safety.

Results: The primary end point was the rate of complete remission with undetectable minimal residual disease by flow cytometry in both the blood and bone marrow 2 months after completion of treatment, which was 28% in both groups.

Construct validity of PROMIS® Cognitive Function in cancer patients and noncancer controls.

Objective: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function-Concerns® (PROMIS®-CF-Concerns) assesses self-reported cognitive complaints. Construct validity data for the CF-Concerns are few. To add to the literature, an analysis of criterion validity for cognitive complaints (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Cognitive Functioning subscale [EORTC-CF]) and cognitive performance (neuropsychological tests of memory [NIH Toolbox Auditory Verbal Learning Test] and verbal fluency [Controlled Oral Word Association Test]) and discriminant validity (self-reports of negative emotions of anxiety, depression, negative mood) are provided.

Age-related differences in emotion regulation strategies: Examining the role of contextual factors.

Increasing age is characterized by greater positive affective states. However, there is mixed evidence on the implementation of emotion regulation strategies across the life span. To clarify the discrepancies in the literature, we examined the modulating influence of contextual factors in understanding emotion regulation strategy use in older and young adults.

Adversity in preschool-aged children: Effects on salivary interleukin-1β.

Exposure to early life adversity is linked to impaired affective, cognitive, and behavioral functioning and increases risk for various psychiatric and medical conditions. Stress-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a biological mechanism of these effects. Few studies have examined cytokine levels in children experiencing early life adversity, and very little research has investigated cytokines or other markers of inflammation in saliva.

Early life stress impacts dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity in healthy adults: informing future studies of antidepressant treatments.

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with poor treatment outcomes, particularly for trauma-associated disorders such as depression. Little research to date, however, has examined the potential effects of ELS on outcomes with newer treatments, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This study evaluated whether ELS exposure impacts resting state functional connectivity associated with brain regions targeted by rTMS.

Regional homogeneity and resting state functional connectivity: associations with exposure to early life stress.

Early life stress (ELS) confers risk for psychiatric illness. Previous literature suggests ELS is associated with decreased resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in adulthood, but there are no studies of resting-state neuronal activity in this population. This study investigated whether ELS-exposed individuals demonstrate resting-state activity patterns similar to those found in PTSD.

The propensity to adopt evidence-based practice among physical therapists.

Background: Many authors, as well as the American Physical Therapy Association, advocate that physical therapists adopt practice patterns based on research evidence, known as evidence-based practice (EBP). At the same time, physical therapists should be capable of integrating EBP within the day-to-day practice of physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which personal characteristics and the characteristics of the social system in the workplace influence the propensity of physical therapists to adopt EBP.

Impact of commercial support on continuing pharmacy education.

Introduction: There is a serious debate over the involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in continuing education. Policies that govern the planning of continuing education for pharmacists center on the potential conflict of interest when there is commercial support for programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of commercial support on the provision and perceived outcomes of continuing pharmacy education.