Complete genome sequences of toxigenic isolated from Australian feral horses.

Recent increases in community-associated infections have highlighted the importance of monitoring toxigenic from animal and environmental sources. We provide the complete circularized genomes of two toxigenic strains isolated from feral horse faeces. Genome N64 (sequence type 964) consists of a single chromosome of 4,078,791 bp, while genome H251 (sequence type 963) comprises one chromosome (4,304,722 bp) and three plasmids (150,942 bp, 11,534 bp, and 9,074 bp).

Defining the phylogenetics and resistome of the major ribotypes circulating in Australia.

infection (CDI) remains a significant public health threat globally. New interventions to treat CDI rely on an understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of circulating strains. Here we provide longitudinal genomic data on strain diversity, transmission dynamics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of ribotypes (RTs) 014/020 (=169), 002 (=77) and 056 (=36), the three most prominent strains causing CDI in Australia.

Biogeographic distribution and molecular epidemiology of () in Western Australian soils.

is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in humans and production animals and can be found in a variety of environmental sources. The prevalence and diversity of multi-locus sequence type clade 5 strains of in Australian production animals suggest Australia might be the ancestral home of this lineage of One Health importance. To better understand the role of the environment in the colonization of humans and animals in Australia, it is important to investigate these endemic sources.

A genomic survey of isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia.

There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated infection in Australia, but an increase in the genetic diversity of infecting strains, and an increase in community-associated cases. Here, we studied the genetic relatedness of isolated from patients at a major hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Diverse ribotypes were detected, including those associated with community and environmental sources.

Environmental contamination with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in Vietnam.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence, molecular type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in the environment in Vietnam, where little is known about C. difficile.

Methods And Results: Samples of pig faeces, soils from pig farms, potatoes, and the hospital environment were cultured for C.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in adults with diarrhoea in Vietnam.

Background: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile causes antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea, however, presentations may range from asymptomatic carriage to severe diarrhoea, life-threatening toxic megacolon and even death. Reports on C. difficile infection (CDI) in Vietnam remain limited.

Spore-Forming () in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Western Australia.

There is growing evidence that shows () is a pathogen of One Health importance with a complex dissemination pathway involving animals, humans, and the environment. Thus, environmental discharge and agricultural recycling of human and animal waste have been suspected as factors behind the dissemination of Clostridium difficile in the community. Here, the presence of C.

Epidemiology of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile Infection in Southeast Asia.

This review describes the current understanding of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia regarding the prevalence of CDI, C. difficile detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach to prevention and control. Our initial focus had been the Indochina region, however, due to limited studies/surveillance of CDI in Indochina, other studies in southeast Asian countries and neighboring Chinese provinces are presented here for comparison.

Clostridioides difficile infection in Africa: A narrative review.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) places a burden on healthcare facilities worldwide. Most research studies have been concentrated in high-income countries in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia, where C. difficile is the leading cause of diarrhoea associated with antimicrobial use.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in children with diarrhoea in Vietnam.

Background: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile commonly causes hospital-acquired infection which can range from mild diarrhoea to life-threatening toxic megacolon and even death. Reports on C. difficile infection (CDI) in Vietnam are limited, so this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of C.

Global evolutionary dynamics and resistome analysis of ribotype 017.

PCR ribotype (RT) 017 ranks among the most successful strains of in the world. In the past three decades, it has caused outbreaks on four continents, more than other ‘epidemic’ strains, but our understanding of the genomic epidemiology underpinning the spread of RT 017 is limited. Here, we performed high-resolution phylogenomic and Bayesian evolutionary analyses on an updated and more representative dataset of 282 non-clonal RT 017 isolates collected worldwide between 1981 and 2019.

Development of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Antimicrobial Agents to Treat Enteric Pathogens within the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with pathogenic bacteria is an important risk factor for the development of certain potentially severe and life-threatening healthcare-associated infections, yet efforts to develop effective decolonization agents have been largely unsuccessful thus far. Herein, we report modification of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole class of antimicrobial compounds with poorly permeable functional groups in order to target bacterial pathogens within the GI tract. We have identified that the quaternary ammonium functionality of analogue results in complete impermeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers while retaining activity against GI pathogens and multidrug-resistant (MDR) .

Esculin hydrolysis negative and TcdA-only producing strains of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from the environment in Western Australia.

Background And Aims: Clostridium (Clostridiodes) difficile clade 3 ribotype (RT) 023 strains that fail to produce black colonies on bioMérieux ChromID agar have been reported, as well as variant strains of C. difficile that produce only toxin A. We have recently isolated strains of C.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile isolated from paediatric patients in Western Australia 2019-2020.

Less is understood about the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children compared to adults, and its impact is complicated by variations in the natural development of infection in paediatric patients. The interplay of rising CDI incidence in hospitalised paediatric patients, emergence of hypervirulent strains and community associated CDI (CA-CDI) in the past decade is a potential threat in both hospital and community settings. Research in Australia regarding paediatric CDI is limited.

Ridinilazole: a novel, narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent targeting Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile.

Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) remains an urgent threat to patients in health systems worldwide. Recurrent CDI occurs in up to 30% of cases due to sustained dysbiosis of the gut microbiota which normally protects against CDI. Associated costs of initial and recurrent episodes of CDI impose heavy financial burdens on health systems.

Linkage study of surveillance and hospital admission data to investigate Clostridium difficile infection in hospital patients in Perth, Western Australia.

Objectives: Increasing incidence rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and outbreaks of emerging strains have highlighted the need for continuous monitoring and surveillance of CDI in Australia. Active surveillance captures all hospital-identified CDI cases in Western Australia (WA), where all C. difficile isolates recovered are routinely PCR ribotyped.

Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective.

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile presents a significant health risk to humans and animals. The complexity of the bacterial-host interaction affecting pathogenesis and disease development creates an ongoing challenge for epidemiological studies, control strategies and prevention planning. The recent emergence of human disease caused by strains of C.

Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides fragilis in Thailand and their inhibitory effect in vitro on the growth of Clostridioides difficile.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides fragilis in Thailand and possible effects of such strains on human health and disease.

Methods: Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 17 clinical B. fragilis isolates.