Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal.

We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the "" (") process. This process, extensively detailed in La Plante E.C.

Using attenuated-total-reflection Fourier-transformed spectroscopy to reveal molecular structural differences among willow (Salix spp.) foliage cultivars in relation to their potential as fodders.

Background: Willow trees represent a suitable species for the development of agroforestry systems, integrating bioenergy and animal feed production. However, there is a lack of information regarding the suitability of leaves and stems, considered a bioenergy by-product, as animal feed. The aim of this study was the employment of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (550-4000 cm ) to investigate differences in the nutrient molecular structure profile of leaves and stems of selected willow cultivars to understand their utility for ruminant nutrition.

The impact of state level behavioral regulations on traffic fatality rates.

Introduction: A state by year panel is analyzed to simultaneously explore the statistical correlation between state level traffic fatality rates and state level behavioral regulations regarding teen licensing, seat belt use, and driving under the influence (DUI) in a model that also controls for other correlates.

Method: By including measures of all three of these policies, the estimated policy effects should not be overstated due to underspecification bias. The panel includes the 48 contiguous U.

The relationship between regional economic conditions and the severity of traffic crashes.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between regional economic conditions and the severity of injury suffered by victims of traffic crashes. This analysis augments the research on the relationship between economic conditions and traffic safety by focusing on injury severity per victim, which isolates the protective effect to individuals from other traffic safety effects such as crashes per mile and aggregate exposure to crashes.

Methods: A crash-specific data set from the State of Ohio is used together with county-level economic and demographic data to generate estimates that measure the impact of county-level per capita income and unemployment rate on the severity of injury suffered by each individual who is involved in a crash.

Regional economic conditions and crash fatality rates--a cross-county analysis.

Introduction: Most studies that evaluate the relationship between economic conditions and traffic fatalities focus on the time-series relationship between the two factors. This analysis considers the cross-sectional perspective by estimating the cross-county correlation between per capita income and fatalities per vehicle mile traveled (VMT) in Ohio.

Method: The empirical model employed in this analysis allows for interaction effects between per capita income and highway usage, in the determination of fatality rates.