Target and non-target screening of biomarkers in wastewater: towards a unique analytical methodology for sample preparation.

This study aims to optimize a single preparation methodology based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) that could fit both target and non-target screening of organic biomarkers in raw wastewater, allowing the cross-comparison of results obtained from a same dataset. The efficiency of SPE sorbents used alone (HLB) or in combination in a multilayer cartridge was evaluated based on (i) the extraction recovery and matrix effect in environmental samples (surface water and wastewater) for a list of biomarkers (pharmaceuticals, licit and illicit drugs, artificial sweeteners, isoprostanes, polyphenols) and (ii) a number of detected features and their intensity in HRMS. The selected method uses a combination of three SPE sorbents mixed together (HLB, X-AW and X-CW) and seems to take full advantage of each, providing satisfactory validation parameters (recovery, instrumental limit of detection, linearity range and limit of quantification) over a large range of physico-chemical properties while ensuring promising results for non-target screening applications.

Selective Adsorption of Organic Micro-Pollutants by Smectite Clays Revealed from Atomistic Simulations.

In this study, atomistic simulations were carried out to study the difference in the adsorption process between two similar molecules, diazepam and oxazepam, on Na-montmorillonite. Kinetic and XRD measurements showed a contrasting adsorption mechanism of these two molecules, differing only by the presence/absence of methyl and hydroxyl groups, with a larger adsorption amount and intercalation for the oxazepam. The structural characterization of these molecules was investigated through DFT calculations and showed the vicinity of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups for only the chair conformation of oxazepam compared to the boat conformation.

New Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment.

This Special Issue (SI) contains the successful submissions [...

Trace organic contaminants within solid matrices along an anthropized watercourse: Organo-mineral controls on their spatial distribution.

Although numerous studies have determined significant contamination in terms of trace organic contaminant (TrOC) diversity and concentration, the occurrence of TrOCs within solid matrices as suspended solids and sediments flies under the radar. In this study, the occurrence of 35 TrOCs of various classes (i.e.

Record of trace organic contaminants in a river sediment core: From historical wastewater management to historical use.

Some trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) can be considered as ubiquitous contaminants since the 1950s, and the study of their historical distribution within river sediments allows us to better understand the temporal variation of the chemical quality of sediments, and make assumptions about the most insightful forcings impacting these distributions. In this study, the occurrence of 41 TrOCs of various classes (i.e.

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim ratio as a new marker in raw wastewaters: A critical review.

Global Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) occurrences in raw wastewaters were systematically collected from the literature (n = 140 articles) in order to assess the relevance of using the SMX/TMP ratio as a marker of the main origin of wastewaters. These two antibiotics were selected due to their frequent use in association (i.e.

Laponites for the Recovery of Cs, Co, and Sr from Aqueous Solutions and Subsequent Storage: Impact of Grafted Silane Loads.

In this study, silylated Laponites (LAP) were synthetized with various loads of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to evaluate their adsorption properties of Cs, Co, and Sr during single-solute and competitive experiments. The increase in the initial load of APTES increased the adsorbed amount of APTES in the resulted grafted clay. The characterization of LAP-APTES exhibited a covalent binding between APTES and LAP and emphasized the adsorption sites of APTES for each tested load.

Impact of meteorological and social events on human-excreted contaminant loads in raw wastewater: From daily to weekly dynamics.

The temporal dynamics of the wastewater influent loads of 25 drug target residues (DTR, both pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs) was assessed during 84 consecutive days. This monitoring scale enables longer temporal patterns than weekday/weekend patterns to be explored. In this study, we focus on day to day variations and the potential statistical correlation of each DTR analyzed in order to better understand the potential forcings that lead to the load variation of DTRs (alone or in clusters).

Temporal dynamics of human-excreted pollutants in wastewater treatment plant influents: Toward a better knowledge of mass load fluctuations.

The occurrence of 25 drug target residues (illicit drugs or pharmaceutically active compounds) was investigated during 85 consecutive days in the influents of a wastewater treatment plant in the Region Centre-Val de Loire, France. This long tracking period allowed a better understanding of the patterns affecting the occurrence of this type of contaminants. Among them, 2 were never detected (i.

Adsorption of diclofenac onto organoclays: Effects of surfactant and environmental (pH and temperature) conditions.

Among pharmaceutical products (PPs) recalcitrant to water treatments, diclofenac shows a high toxicity and remains at high concentration in natural aquatic environments. The aim of this study concerns the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of this anionic PP onto two organoclays prepared with two long-alkyl chains cationic surfactants showing different chemical nature for various experimental pH and temperature conditions. The experimental data obtained by a set of complementary techniques (X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and the use of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevish equation models, reveal that organoclays show a good affinity to diclofenac which is enhanced as the temperature is under 35°C and for pH above 4.

Adsorption mechanisms of emerging micro-pollutants with a clay mineral: Case of tramadol and doxepine pharmaceutical products.

A sodium exchanged smectite clay mineral (Mt) was used as geo-sorbent for the adsorption of tramadol and doxepin: two pharmaceutical products (PPs) defined as emerging pollutants due to their presence at significant concentration in numerous water compartments. The adsorption isotherms for both the temperatures of 20 and 40°C and the derived data determined through the fitting procedure by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich equation models explicitly pointed out that the sorption of both tramadol and doxepin is mainly driven by electrostatic interaction. The studied PPs are intercalated in a monolayer arrangement within the interlayer space through a cation exchange in stoichiometric proportion with the Na(+) cations leading to adsorbed PPs amounts that match the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Mt.