Not all types of depressed patients who persist with their antidepressant treatment improve in side effect complaints: A comparison of treatment completers and dropouts in the STAR*D trial.

Introduction: There is a "traditional belief" that antidepressant side effect complaints improve with medication persistence; however, support for this theory has remained inconclusive. We aimed to examine if side effect complaints improved over time by modeling the relationship between side effect complaints and time at dropout for patients receiving citalopram during the first level of acute treatment in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial.

Methods: We categorized the 2833 patients into five patterns by week of dropout.

Effectiveness and safety of monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment for bipolar depression versus unipolar depression: An exploratory case cohort study.

Objective: Patients with bipolar disorder spend most of their clinical lifetime in the depressive phase of their illness. However, antidepressants are discouraged in the treatment of bipolar depression due to concerns over manic induction and drug ineffectiveness. Some reports suggest that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may be safe and effective compared to other antidepressants in treating bipolar depression.

Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Hydroxyherquline A.

Herein, we present the synthesis of 1-hydroxyherquline A and describe its reactivity discovered during its attempted conversion to herquline A, a long-sought natural product target in the synthetic chemical community. The strategic installation of the C1 hydroxyl group enabled the key -Michael addition-mediated N10-C2 bond formation and eventually access to 1-hydroxyherquline A, the most advanced herquline A congener reported to date. Our attempted reductive transformation of 1-hydroxyherquline A to herquline A was challenged by the extremely strained bowl-shaped pentacyclic structures of key precursors that prevented either radical formation at C1 or protonation (or hydrogenation) from the desired face.

Mapping Female Patients' Judgments of Satisfaction to Hypothetical Changes in Depression Symptom Severity.

Within mental health, approaches to determine whether a patient experienced "meaningful" change from treatment have predominantly involved imposing thresholds on three types of metrics derived from assessments of symptom severity: end score (posttreatment score), absolute change (pre- minus posttreatment score), and proportion of change. However, none of these approaches have considered input from the consumer. This study examined correspondences between various reductions from pre- to posttreatment symptom severity levels and patients' judgments of satisfaction with change.

Synthesis of Pentacyclic Framework of Herquline A.

The highly strained bowl-shaped pentacyclic structure of herquline A has rendered it one of the most difficult problems in organic synthesis yet to be solved. The challenges associated with the synthesis of herquline A have been well documented in four Ph.D.

Patients' judgments of the importance of treatment-induced reductions in symptoms of depression: The role of specific symptoms, magnitudes of change, and post-treatment levels.

An implicit assumption in the use of depressive severity measures to assess change during treatment, such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), is that reductions from pre- to post-treatment that are equal to each other are of equal value. However, stakeholders' valuations of changes might depart substantially from this assumption. Vignettes were constructed that reflected the six possible 1, 2, and 3-point reductions on five cognitive and four somatic symptoms derived from the HRSD.

Treatment selection in borderline personality disorder between dialectical behavior therapy and psychodynamic psychiatric management.

Background: No evidence-based therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) exhibits a clear superiority. However, BPD is highly heterogeneous, and different patients may specifically benefit from the interventions of a particular treatment.

Methods: From a randomized trial comparing a year of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to general psychiatric management (GPM) for BPD, long-term (2-year-post) outcome data and patient baseline variables (n = 156) were used to examine individual and combined patient-level moderators of differential treatment response.

Relative Effectiveness of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor and Tricyclic Antidepressant Combination Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Purpose/background: We examined the relative safety and effectiveness of adding a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) to a failed tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) trial versus adding a TCA to a failed MAOI trial or adding a TCA to a failed TCA trial in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods/procedures: Data were retrospectively harvested from approximately 2500 treatment charts of subjects with treatment-resistant depression who attended a university mood disorders clinic between 1983 and 2015. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the effectiveness of treatment condition on outcome.

Prior Antidepressant Treatment Trials May Predict a Greater Risk of Depressive Relapse During Antidepressant Maintenance Therapy.

Background: We examined the influence of prior antidepressant treatment trials on the likelihood of depressive relapse, and time to depressive relapse, during maintenance therapy of bipolar II disorder in treatment-responsive subjects who had recovered from a major depressive episode.

Methods: Data were derived from a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of 148 adult subjects with bipolar II major depressive episode who were initially administered open-label fluoxetine monotherapy for 12 weeks. Remitters with a final Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of 8 or lower were then randomized to continuation therapy with either fluoxetine (n = 28), lithium (n = 26), or placebo (n = 27) for 50 additional weeks.

Predictive modeling for response to lithium and quetiapine in bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Lithium and quetiapine are known to be effective treatments for bipolar disorder. However, little information is available to inform prediction of response to these medications. Machine-learning methods can identify predictors of response by examining variables simultaneously.

A demonstration of a multi-method variable selection approach for treatment selection: Recommending cognitive-behavioral versus psychodynamic therapy for mild to moderate adult depression.

: We use a new variable selection procedure for treatment selection which generates treatment recommendations based on pre-treatment characteristics for adults with mild-to-moderate depression deciding between cognitive behavioral (CBT) versus psychodynamic therapy (PDT). : Data are drawn from a randomized comparison of CBT versus PDT for depression ( = 167, 71% female, mean-age = 39.6).

Widespread RNA editing of embedded alu elements in the human transcriptome.

More than one million copies of the approximately 300-bp Alu element are interspersed throughout the human genome, with up to 75% of all known genes having Alu insertions within their introns and/or UTRs. Transcribed Alu sequences can alter splicing patterns by generating new exons, but other impacts of intragenic Alu elements on their host RNA are largely unexplored. Recently, repeat elements present in the introns or 3'-UTRs of 15 human brain RNAs have been shown to be targets for multiple adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing.