Objective: We investigated the effect of botulinum-a toxin injections into the detrusor and external sphincter muscle in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.
Methods: We included 44 patients - 41 women and three men with a mean age of 66.1 years - who were suffering from OAB symptoms that were refractory to anticholinergic treatment.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A bladder injections in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome in the absence of detrusor overactivity.
Methods: The subjects were 7 women (average age 61.1 years, range 51 to 79) who presented with overactive bladder symptoms.
Pre-eclampsia complicates approximately 5-7% of pregnancies and it may be deleterious to both maternal and fetal health. In a prospective study, we investigated plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentration within the 24th and 36th gestational week in non-smoking pregnant women. Thirty women fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: de novo arterial hypertension after the 20th gestational week in at least two separate measurements and proteinuria of more than 300 mg/l in a random specimen.
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