Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine patterns correlate with prognosis of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective observational study.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses in HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotype of CSF immune response during the course of disease and to examine relationships between phenotypes and disease severity. We profiled the CSF immune response in 128 HIV-uninfected CM and 30 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients using a 27-plex Luminex cytokine kit.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: time for action.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was first described over a century ago. This fungal infection is preventable and treatable yet continues to be associated with excessive morbidity and mortality. The largest burden of disease resides in people living with HIV in low-income and middle-income countries.

High dose fluconazole in salvage therapy for HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis.

Background: The 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for management of cryptococcal diseases recommend high dose fluconazole (≥ 800 mg/day), either alone or with other antifungal drugs, as alternative anticryptococcal choices. But evidence for its use in the treatment of HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains sparse.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of HIV-uninfected CM patients who received fluconazole 800 mg/day for salvage therapy from January 2011 to December 2016 at Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China was performed.

The first 5 years of Part 2A Orders: the use of powers from court applications to protect public health in England 2010-15.

Background: Part 2A Orders are the legal means which allow local authorities (LAs), upon application to court, to exercise powers over persons, things or premises to protect public health.

Methods: We surveyed lead professionals involved in applications to understand the use and utility of such Orders since their inception in April 2010 to July 2015.

Results: All applications for Orders were granted; 29 for persons (28 for tuberculosis, 1 for HIV); these were renewed in 18 (18/25, 72%) cases up to seven times; 23 applications related to things (tattoo and piercing equipment); and three applications related to 'premises' (Escherichia coli 0137 on farm, faecal contamination).

Drug resistant TB: UK multicentre study (DRUMS): Treatment, management and outcomes in London and West Midlands 2008-2014.

Objectives: Detailed information regarding treatment practices and outcomes of MDR-TB treatment in the UK is required as a baseline for care improvements.

Methods: 100 consecutive cases between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively at 4 MDR-TB treatment centres in England to obtain information on drug treatment choices, hospital admission duration and outcomes for MDR-TB.

Results: Initial hospital admission was long, median 62.