Timing of puberty suppression in transgender adolescents and sexual functioning after vaginoplasty.

Background: Sexual function in transgender adolescents after puberty suppression has been a topic of recent clinical and scientific questions.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of early treatment with puberty suppression on sexual functioning of transfeminine individuals after vaginoplasty.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 37 transfeminine individuals treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (puberty suppression), estrogen, and vaginoplasty (penile inversion technique or intestinal vaginoplasty) at the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between 2000 and 2016.

Reflecting on the Importance of Family Building and Fertility Preservation: Transgender People's Experiences with Starting Gender-Affirming Treatment as an Adolescent.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate how adults, who started gender-affirming hormone treatment during adolescence, reflect on their reproductive decisions.

Methods: We recruited transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people who visited our gender identity clinic and commenced medical treatment in adolescence at least 9 years ago. We collected data through an online survey.

Mental Health Evaluation of Younger and Older Adolescents Referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The present study aimed to investigate whether differences exist between younger and older presenting adolescents at the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria regarding psychological functioning and autistic traits. A total of 1487 consecutively assessed adolescents between 2000 and 2018 were divided in younger presenters (age ≤ 13.9 years) and older presenters (age ≥ 14 years).

A European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence in adolescents.

Background: Knowledge regarding the effects and side effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in adults is rapidly growing, partly through international research networks such as the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI). However, data on the effects of puberty suppression (PS) and GAHT in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are limited, although these data are of crucial importance, given the controversies surrounding this treatment.

Aim: We sought to present a detailed overview of the design of the ENIGI Adolescents study protocol, including the first baseline data.

Body image and treatment desires at clinical entry in non-binary and genderqueer adults.

Gender clinics are experiencing an increase in non-binary and/or genderqueer (NBGQ) individuals applying for gender affirming medical treatment (GAMT). GAMT is a well-established approach in reducing body dissatisfaction in binary transgender (BT) people, but knowledge on GAMT in NBGQ people is limited. Previous research shows that NBGQ individuals report different treatment needs compared to BT individuals.

Body Image in Adolescents with Gender Incongruence and Its Association with Psychological Functioning.

During adolescence, many individuals with gender incongruence (GI) experience distress related to body dissatisfaction. This study aims to describe the body (dis)satisfaction of Dutch adolescents referred for GI and to describe the influence of body image on their psychological functioning. Self-report measures on body satisfaction (Body Image Scale) and psychological functioning (Youth Self-Report) were obtained from 787 adolescents (aged 10-18) who were referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between 1996 and 2016.

Children and adolescents in the Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria: trends in diagnostic- and treatment trajectories during the first 20 years of the Dutch Protocol.

Background: Twenty years ago, the Dutch Protocol-consisting of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) to halt puberty and subsequent gender-affirming hormones (GAHs)-was implemented to treat adolescents with gender dysphoria.

Aim: To study trends in trajectories in children and adolescents who were referred for evaluation of gender dysphoria and/or treated following the Dutch Protocol.

Methods: The current study is based on a retrospective cohort of 1766 children and adolescents in the Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria.

Mastectomy is a safe procedure in transgender men with a history of breast reduction.

Little is known about the safety and surgical outcomes of mastectomy after breast reduction in the trans male population. Several concerns have been voiced that performing mastectomy with prior breast reduction surgery, increases the risk for complications and revision surgery. All transgender men with a history of breast reduction, who underwent a mastectomy at our center between 01-1990 and 01-2021 were identified from our hospital registry.

Demographics and gender-related measures in younger and older adolescents presenting to a gender service.

Transgender adolescents may present to gender identity specialty services earlier or later in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine whether, 'younger' and 'older' presenters could be identified in a large cohort of transgender adolescents and if differences exist between the two groups. The study sample consisted of 1487 adolescents (506 birth-assigned males, 981 birth-assigned females) referred between 2000 and 2018.

Comparison of surgical outcomes and urinary functioning after phalloplasty with versus without urethral lengthening in transgender men.

Phalloplasty in transgender men is performed with or without Urethral Lengthening (UL). To create clear expectations in the choice of UL, an overview and comparison of outcomes is useful. To provide and compare surgical outcomes and urinary functioning after phalloplasty with versus without UL in transgender men.

Differences in self-perception and social gender status in children with gender incongruence.

Gender incongruent children report lower self-perception compared to the norm population. This study explored differences in self-perception between children living in their gender role assigned at birth and children living in their experienced gender role. The self-perception questionnaire was administered to 312 children referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria 'Amsterdam UMC'.

Self-Perception of Transgender Adolescents After Gender-Affirming Treatment: A Follow-Up Study into Young Adulthood.

Early medical treatment for transgender adolescents should contribute to healthy psychological development, including the development of positive self-perception. However, at present, there are no longitudinal studies that have examined whether current treatment approaches meet this expectation. Therefore, the aim of this single-arm retrospective study was to examine transgender adolescents' self-perception changes over the course of irreversible medical gender-affirming treatment.

Talking About Sexuality With Youth: A Taboo in Psychiatry?

Background: Young people who have psychiatric problems are more likely than their peers to endure difficulties during their sexual and gender identity development.

Aim: This study aims to examine the communication between mental health care providers and their patients about the topics of relations, sexuality and gender identity, including a description of professionals' attitudes toward these topics and the factors that contribute to and inhibit communication.

Methods: Study participants (n = 242, response rate = 31%) were a representative sample of a large multicenter cohort of 768 mental health care professionals (eg, medical doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, group counselors, parent counselors) of 7 institutions and 5 solo practices in the Netherlands, who completed a survey on communication about sexuality and gender identity with their young patients (age 12-21 years).

Longitudinal Outcomes of Gender Identity in Children (LOGIC): study protocol for a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and outcomes of children referred to specialist gender services in the UK and the Netherlands.

Introduction: Specialist gender services for children and young people (CYP) worldwide have experienced a significant increase in referrals in recent years. As rates of referrals increase, it is important to understand the characteristics and profile of CYP attending these services in order to inform treatment pathways and to ensure optimal outcomes.

Methods And Analysis: A retrospective observational study of clinical health records from specialist gender services for CYP in the UK and the Netherlands.

Psychological Functioning in Non-binary Identifying Adolescents and Adults.

Gender diverse individuals who do not conform to society's binary gender expectations are more likely to experience difficulties in acceptance and in recognition of gender, compared to binary-identifying transgender people. This may accentuate the feeling that their gender identity is not socially recognized or validated. This study aimed to investigate psychological functioning among gender diverse adolescents and adults who identify beyond the binary gender spectrum.

Body image in children with gender incongruence.

Background: In the DSM-5 diagnosis of childhood Gender Dysphoria, two of the eight criteria focus on body satisfaction of the child. Nevertheless, this subject is understudied. This study aims to describe the body image of children with gender incongruence (GI) in relation to birth assigned sex and the intensity of GI.

Gender-affirmation surgery and bariatric surgery in transgender individuals in The Netherlands: Considerations, surgical techniques and outcomes.

Introduction: The number of transgender individuals seeking medical and surgical care has increased over the last years. Within the transgender population overweight and obesity is more frequently observed when compared to the general population. Little is known on the prevalence of bariatric surgery in the transgender population and the effects on the surgical gender transition path of the individual transgender with overweight or obesity.

Reliability and Clinical Utility of Gender Identity-Related Diagnoses: Comparisons Between the ICD-11, ICD-10, DSM-IV, and DSM-5.

The World Health Organization general assembly approved the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in 2019 which will be implemented in 2022. Gender identity-related diagnoses were substantially reconceptualized and removed from the mental health chapter so that the distress criterion is no longer a prerequisite. The present study examined reliability and clinical utility of gender identity-related diagnoses of the ICD-11 in comparison with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5, ICD-10, and DSM-IV.

Proportion of people identified as transgender and non-binary gender in Brazil.

Studies estimate that gender-diverse persons represent 0.1 to 2% of populations investigated, but no such assessment was performed in Latin America. In a representative sample of Brazil's adult population (n = 6000), we investigated participants' sociodemographic characteristics and possible associations between these and current gender identity, categorized as cisgender, transgender or non-binary gender.

Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence-current insights in diagnostics, management, and follow-up.

Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as a condition in which the gender identity of a person does not align with the gender assigned at birth. Awareness and more social acceptance have paved the way for early medical intervention about two decades ago and are now part of good clinical practice although much robust data is lacking. Medical and mental treatment in adolescents with GI is complex and is recommended to take place within a team of mental health professionals, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, and other healthcare providers.

Sexual Experiences of Young Transgender Persons During and After Gender-Affirmative Treatment.

Objectives: Early gender-affirmative treatment (GAT) of adolescents may consist of puberty suppression, use of affirming hormones, and gender-affirmative surgeries. This treatment can potentially influence sexual development. In the current study, we describe sexual and romantic development during and after treatment.